Agricultural Science Objective Questions

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Meaning, Types and Characteristics of Farm Animals

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<h1><strong>MEANING, TYPES AND CHARACTERISTICS OF FARM ANIMALS </strong></h1> CONTENT <ol> <li>Meaning of Farm Animals</li> <li>Types of Farm Animals</li> <li>Characteristics of Farm Animals</li> </ol>   <h2><strong>Meaning of Farm Animals</strong></h2> Farm animals are animals that are reared by man for different purposes such as food supply, income generation, clothing materials, etc. Examples include goats, sheep, rabbits, poultry, cattle, pigs, fish, snails, etc. <h2><strong>Types of Farm Animals</strong></h2> The following are the forms of farm animals: <ol> <li>Work animals</li> <li>Dairy animals</li> <li>Guard animals</li> <li>Poultry</li> <li>Pets</li> <li>Aquatic animals</li> </ol> <h3>1. <strong>Work Animals</strong>:</h3> These are animals that are used for work on the farm. They are used for carrying loads, ploughing, harrowing and ridging e.g cattle, [Sokoto Gudali, White Fulani], (in forms of bull and bullock). Such animals are called <strong>draught animals.</strong> The normal output of a working bull is about 500W compared to that of a man which about 75W. Work animals are also used for transportation and carrying of load e.g. horses, camels and donkeys. Such animals are referred to as <strong>beasts of burden.</strong> They have the ability to survive or travel long distance without water. <h4><strong>Characteristics of Work Animals</strong></h4> The following are the characteristics of work animals: <ol> <li>They are well built with good body conformation.</li> <li>They can survive or travel long distance without water.</li> <li>They are rugged and have very great strength.</li> <li>They have strong hind limbs.</li> <li>They are docile and tolerant.</li> </ol> <img class="size-full wp-image-32367 aligncenter" src="https://classhall.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/work-animals-bull.jpg" alt="Farm Animals - Work animals - bull" width="304" height="208" />

Meaning and Factors of Agricultural Production: Land; Water

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<h1><strong>FACTORS OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION </strong></h1> CONTENT <ol> <li>Meaning of Production</li> <li>Meaning of Factors of Production</li> <li>Factors of Production</li> <li>Meaning and Characteristics of Land</li> <li>Importance of Land in Agriculture</li> <li>Meaning of Water as a Factor of Production</li> <li>Importance of Water in Agricultural production</li> <li>Sources of Water for Agricultural Purposes</li> </ol>   <h2><strong>Meaning of Production</strong></h2> Production is the process of manufacturing goods and providing services. <strong>OR</strong> Production refers to all economic activities which result in the creation of goods and services. <h2><strong>Meaning of Factors of Production</strong></h2> <strong>Factors of production </strong>are those resources needed to achieve production. <strong>OR</strong> For goods and services to be created during the process of production, certain factors have to come together. These resources or factors that are combined for goods and services to be produced are known as factors of production. <h2><strong>The Factors of Production</strong></h2> The factors of production are:

Animal Feeds and Feeding (continued)

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<h1><strong>ANIMAL FEEDS AND FEEDING</strong></h1> CONTENT <ol> <li>Meaning of Ration</li> <li>Types of Ration</li> <li>Meaning, Causes and Symptoms of Malnutrition</li> <li>Factors that Affect Feed Requirements of Farm Animals</li> <li>Reasons for Feeding Farm Animals</li> <li>Equipment Used for Feeding Farm Animals</li> </ol>   <h2><strong>Meaning of Ration</strong></h2> Ration is the quantity or amount of feed given to farm animals daily or over a period of 24 hours. The type of ration given to a particular farm animal is largely dependent on the purpose of production. A balanced ration is a ration containing all the nutrients in the right proportion for growth and development. <br> <h2><strong>Types of Ration</strong></h2> <ol> <li>Maintenance ration</li> <li>Production ration</li> </ol> <h3>1.<strong> Maintenance Ration</strong></h3> This is the amount of feed given to an animal to prevent an increase or decrease in the life weight of the animal. It is given to maintain a particular weight, shape and size.

Pricing and Advertising

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<h1><strong>PRICING AND ADVERTISING</strong></h1> CONTENT <ol> <li>Definition of Pricing</li> <li>Meaning of Advertising</li> <li>Pricing Strategy</li> <li>Price Determinants</li> </ol>   <h2><strong>Definition of Pricing</strong></h2> <strong>Price</strong> means the amount of money that is offered or asked for when something is bought or sold. <strong>Pricing</strong> is the placing of price on a particular farm produce that will suit the customers and fetch higher income to the farmer. Farmers also promote their products and services through such techniques as advertising and personalized sales, which serve to inform potential customers and motivate them to purchase. <h2><strong>Meaning of Advertising</strong></h2> <strong>Advertising</strong> is a means by which a farmer tells the would-be consumers about the existence of a product, the quality, the uses and the price of such produce. Four elements are normally distinguished: getting the right product to the market; selling the product at the right price; ensuring that the promotion is right - that is, advertising and marketing for the product; and ensuring that the product is distributed to the most convenient place for customers to buy it. <h2><strong>Pricing Strategy</strong></h2> Pricing strategy is defined as the method adopted by the business to set its selling price. The step implemented by a firm to determine the optimum price of a product, and the strategy includes:

Agricultural Laws and Reforms

<h1><strong>AGRICULTURAL LAWS AND REFORMS</strong></h1> CONTENT <ol> <li>Land Tenure System in Nigeria</li> <li>Definition of Land Tenure System</li> <li>Classification of Land Tenure System</li> <li>The Land Use Decree of 1978 and its Implications</li> <li>Features of the Land Use Act (Decree) of 1978</li> <li>Aims of the Land Use Decree</li> <li>Implications of the Land Use Act</li> <li>Advantages and Disadvantages of the Land Use Decree</li> </ol>   <h2><strong>Land Tenure System in Nigeria</strong></h2> <strong>Definition of Land Tenure System</strong> Land tenure is defined as the system of land ownership or acquisition by individuals, family, community or government agencies either for temporal or permanent use. <h3><strong>Classification of Land Tenure System</strong></h3> <ol> <li>Communal land tenure</li> <li>Land tenure by inheritance</li> <li>Land tenure by purchase or freehold</li> <li>Land tenure by free gift or pledge</li> <li>Tenant at the will of government</li> <li>Leasehold land tenure system</li> </ol>   Brief explanations of the above are given below: <h4><strong>Communal Land Tenure System</strong></h4> This is the whereby land belong to the community. The head of the community decides the basis of sharing out land .Every adult especially male member of the community is allocated a piece of land. <h5><strong>Advantages of Communal Land Tenure System </strong></h5> <ol> <li>Every adult member of the community can acquire land and each person has full right to the land allocated to him</li> <li>It is cheap to acquire as no cost is involved</li> <li>It is ideal for large scale farming</li> <li>It facilitate land development</li> <li>Farmers cooperative may be easily organized</li> </ol> <h5><strong>Disadvantages of Communal Land Tenure System </strong></h5>

Basic Economic Principles and Factors of Production

<h1>BASIC ECONOMIC PRINCIPLES AND FACTORS OF PRODUCTION</h1> CONTENT <ol> <li>Basic Economic Principles</li> <li>The Factors of Production</li> </ol>   <h2>Basic Economic Principles</h2> Economics is a social science which studies human behavior as a relationship between ends and scarce means which have alternative uses. It deals with production, distribution, exchange (marketing) and consumption of agricultural goods. Basic Economics principles include; <ul> <li>wants.</li> <li>scarcity.</li> <li>choice.</li> <li>scale of preference.</li> <li>opportunity cost.</li> <li>law of diminishing returns.</li> </ul>   <h3>Wants</h3> These are goods and services desired after the basic needs have been satisfied. In agriculture, the wants includes inputs needed for production services e.g. planting materials, fertilizers, chemicals, tools and implements, land for cultivation, livestock feeds, etc. <h3>Scarcity</h3> It is a term used to express that available commodity or service is limited in supply or not enough for those who demand for it. The limited nature of resources affects the production of crops and animals. This makes the farmers to make use of what they have. <h3>Choice</h3> Choice arises because of scarcity of resources and is guided by economic decision. This is the point where farmer takes a decision on what to buy, how much to buy, where to buy, what to produce, where to plant, etc. Every decision is a choice between alternative. <h3>Scale of Preference</h3> It is a list or arrangement of human wants in order of their relative importance. The farmer has to choose from the list of his unlimited wants since resources to satisfy them are limited. <h3>Opportunity Cost</h3>

Characteristic Features of Some Farm Animals and their Distribution in Nigeria

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<h1><strong>Characteristic Features of Some Farm Animals and their Distribution in Nigeria</strong></h1> CONTENT Characteristics and Distribution of; <ol> <li>Cattle</li> <li>Cheep</li> <li>Goats</li> <li>Pigs</li> <li>Rabbits</li> <li>Poultry</li> <li>Horses</li> </ol> <img class="size-full wp-image-32371 aligncenter" src="https://classhall.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Characteristics-and-distribution-of-farm-animals-in-Nigeria.jpg" alt="Characteristics and distribution of farm animals in Nigeria" width="466" height="157" />   <h2><strong>Basic Characteristic Features of Farm Animals</strong></h2> Farm animals have certain basic features that make them belong to a particular group. These characteristics help to differentiate them from other forms of animals and also enable some of the animals to adapt to their natural habitat. Examples of farm animals include: <strong>Cattle, Sheep, Goat, Pig, Poultry, Rabbit, Fish, Snails, Guinea pig, Donkeys and Horses.</strong> <strong>Distribution</strong> refers to where they can be found, or where they are commonly reared. The types of farm animals found in Nigeria, whether local or exotic (imported) are as follows:

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