Agricultural Science Objective Questions

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Classification of Weeds based on Habitat, Life Cycle and Shape of Leaves

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Unfortunately we could not locate the table you're looking for.<h1><strong>CLASSIFICATION OF WEEDS</strong></h1> CONTENT <ol> <li>Classification of Weeds based on Habitat</li> <li>Classification of Weeds based on Life Cycle</li> <li>Classification of Weeds based on the Shape of the Leaves</li> </ol>   <h2><strong>Classification of Weeds based on Habitat</strong></h2> According to habitat, weeds are classified into the following three groups: (a) <strong>Aquatic weeds:</strong> These are weeds that grow on water. Examples are water hyacinth, water lettuce, water lily etc. (b) <strong>Terrestrial weeds:</strong> These are weeds that grow on land. Most weeds are terrestrial weeds. Examples are goat weeds, siam weeds, carpet grass, tridax, aspilia, elephant grass, water leaf, etc. (c) <strong>Epiphytic/parasitic weeds</strong>: These are weeds that grow on other plants.

Pre-planting Operations

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<h1><strong>PRE-PLANTING OPERATIONS </strong></h1> CONTENT <ol> <li>Definition of Cultural Practices</li> <li>Types of Cultural Practices</li> <li>Pre-planting Operations</li> </ol>   <h2><strong>Definition of Cultural Practices</strong></h2> Cultural practices or operations refer to all the operations carried out on the farm from the beginning of the farming season to the end of the season. <h2><strong>Types of Cultural Practices</strong></h2> Cultural operations can be classified as; <ul> <li>Pre-planting operations</li> <li>Planting operations</li> <li>Post-planting operations</li> </ul> <h2><strong>Pre-planting Operations</strong></h2> These are the farming activities carried out before planting is done. These activities are carried out to prepare and make the soil conducive for the crop to be planted. <strong>Pre-planting operations in sequence are: </strong>selection of the site, surveying of the soil and land measurement, clearing, stumping, field plotting or farm layout, tilling or ridging, ploughing, harrowing, nursery and nursery practices. <h3>1. <strong>Selection or Choice of Site</strong></h3> The site selected should suit the purpose of production in term of size, fertility of the soil, topography, accessibility, availability of water <h3><strong>Factors Guiding the Siting or Choice of (Location) of a Farm</strong></h3> The success of a farm depends partly on the characteristics of the site on which the farm is located. Therefore, when choosing the site for a farm, a farmer considers the following important factors: (i)<strong> Availability of land</strong>: The size of the farm depends on the amount of land available.

Risk Factors in Water and Fish Farming

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<h1><strong>RISK FACTORS IN WATER AND FISH FARMING</strong></h1> CONTENT <ol> <li>Risk Factors in Water and Fish Farming</li> <li>Fishing Tools</li> </ol>   <h2><strong>Risk Factors in Water and Fish Farming</strong></h2> These have to do with factors that are capable of causing water pollution and danger to fish and other aquatic organisms. Some of the risk factors in water and fish farming include: <h3>1. <strong>Use of chemicals</strong></h3> When residues of these chemicals used by farmers in farming activities are washed by rain water into a nearby river, stream, pond etc. that body of water will be contaminated and the lives of the fish in such water body will be at risk.

Export Promotion in Agriculture

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<h1><strong>EXPORT PROMOTION IN AGRICULTURE </strong></h1> CONTENT <ol> <li>Meaning of Export and Export Promotion</li> <li>Types of Trade</li> <li>Activities that Constitute Export Promotion</li> <li>Examples of Nigerian Export Produce</li> <li>Benefits of Export Promotion</li> </ol>   <h2><strong>Meaning of Export and Export Promotion</strong></h2> <strong>Export </strong>is the selling of goods and services across the national boundaries of other countries. A person or country that does this is an <strong>e<em>xporter</em>.</strong> <strong>Export promotion </strong>is a set of activities that brings about increase in the sale of agricultural produce to other nations. It also refers to encouraging the sale of nation’s produce in other countries. Goods which are exported include agricultural produce, minerals, manufactured products, electronics, books, machines, vehicles, computer software etc. The Nigerian climate favours the production of certain crops and animals products above some other countries of the world, hence, the need to encourage the exportation of these crops to other countries to gain foreign exchange which will be used to import other goods that we need. Exportation is conducted through international trade.

Types, Composition and Properties of Soil

<h1>TYPES, COMPOSITION AND PROPERTIES OF SOIL</h1> CONTENT   <h2>Meaning of Soil<strong> </strong></h2> Soil is the loose weathered material covering the earth surface which supports the growth of plants and sustains human and animal life. Soil consists of mineral materials e.g. sand, clay, silt and gravel, organic materials which are made of plants and animals, H<sub>2</sub>O (water), air and microbes. <h2>Types of Soil</h2> There are three types of soil formed as a result of the breakdown of rocks that is weathering. They are as follows: 1. <strong>Clay Soil</strong> This is a type of soil that has clay constituting the major proportion about 40% and above while the other part contains silt and sand. Types of crops that can grow on clay soil: rice, sugarcane, etc. It possesses the following characteristics.  

Drainage

<h1>DRAINAGE</h1> CONTENT <ol> <li>Meaning of Drainage</li> <li>Types of Drainage</li> <li>Importance of Drainage/Benefits of Drainage to Agriculture</li> <li>Problems of Drainage</li> </ol>   <h2>Meaning of Drainage<strong></strong></h2> Drainage is the removal of excess water artificially from a farmland to prevent water logging and promote good farming activities. Excess water may be removed through channels, pipes or funnels either from the surface of land or beneath the soil. <br> <h2>Types of Drainage (Drainage Systems)</h2> There are two major types of drainage. These are: <ul> <li>Surface drainage</li> <li>Sub-surface/underground drainage</li> </ul>   <h3>Surface Drainage</h3> This is the removal of excess water from the surface of the farmland using constructed open ditches, field drain, land grading and lateral ditches. This is divided into; <ul> <li>Random field surface drainage</li> <li>Parallel field drainage</li> </ul> Random field surface is suitable for areas with pot holes or depressions (rough topography). Parallel field drain is ideal where fields are flat or less than 1 – 2% slope. <img class="size-full wp-image-52580 aligncenter" src="https://classhall.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/drainage-prarallel-field-drain.jpg" alt="Drainage - parallel field drainage" width="534" height="283" /> <p style="text-align: center;">Parallel Field Drain</p>

Anatomy, Physiology and Reproduction of Farm Animals

<h1>ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY AND REPRODUCTION OF FARM ANIMALS</h1> CONTENT <ol> <li>Parts of Farm Animals</li> <li>Organs of Farm Animals</li> </ol>   <h2>Parts of Farm Animals</h2> Anatomy can be defined as scientific study of parts and structures of farm animals while physiology refers to the way in which the bodies of farm animals function. The understanding of these helps the farmers to know how they function and be able to manage the animals effectively. Animals’ body can be broadly divided into four, namely: <ol> <li>The Head: This consists of the uppermost parts of the animals’ body. The most important organs that are necessary for the survival and effective functioning are found in the head e.g. brain, eyes, ears, nose and mouth.</li> <li>The Thoracic Cavity: This consists of the chest region of the animals. It houses important body organs such as the heart, the lungs and Trachea.</li>

Farm Records and Accounts

<h1>FARM RECORDS AND ACCOUNTS</h1> CONTENT <ol> <li>Farm Records</li> </ol> <ul> <li>Meaning of Farm Records</li> <li>Importance of Farm Records</li> <li>Types of Farm Records</li> </ul> <ol start="2"> <li>Farm Accounts</li> </ol> <ul> <li>Definition of Farm Account</li> <li>Importance of Farm Accounts</li> <li>Types of Farm Accounts</li> <li>Definition of Some Accounting Terms</li> </ul> <ol start="3"> <li>Methods of Calculating Depreciation and Salvage Value</li> <li>Formula for Calculating Depreciation</li> </ol>   <h2>Farm Records</h2> <h3>Meaning of Farm Records</h3> Farm records refer to the documentation of all the various activities on the farm. It shows the major activities and transactions that take place in a farm enterprise over a period of time.   <h3>Importance of Farm Records</h3> A farm record keeping is advantageous in the following ways: <ol> <li>Farm records give the history of what has happened on the farm for the periods during which they are kept.</li> <li>It allows the manager to carry out performance evaluation of the farm business.</li> <li>It helps in determining the profitability of the business.</li> <li>It is an indispensable tool for the farm manager during planning and budgeting.</li> <li>It allows the manager to determine the efficiency levels of inputs used in the production.</li> <li>It is a vital requirement when seeking loans from banks.</li> <li>It enable both the government and managers to determine the amount of money payable by the farm business.</li> <li>It enables the manager to make or take sound management decisions about the farm.</li> <li>It is useful for insurance purposes.</li> <li>It gives room for comparism with the same farm enterprises in the same areas.</li> <li>Proper farm records assist the government at various levels when planning national agricultural and economic development programmes.</li> <li>It determines the farmers management skills.</li> <li>It gives an actual value of the farm in case of winding up.</li> <li>It also gives the actual farm yields.</li> </ol>   <h3>Types of Farm Records</h3> A good farm or farm manager keeps many important records which include the following: <ol> <li>Inventory records</li> <li>Farm dairy</li> <li>Production/yield record</li> <li>Income and expenditure record</li> <li>Inputs records</li> <li>Labour records</li> <li>Sales records</li> <li>Purchases records</li> <li>Supplementary records</li> <li>Consumption record</li> </ol>   <h4>Farm Inventory Record</h4> Farm inventory record is a written document containing the list of all items in the farm at a particular time. It is the complete account and evaluation of all assets and liabilities on the farm at a specified date. It shows the state of each equipment and its value.It is usually ten at beginning and at the end of each year. Below is an example of inventory record.

Classification of Crop based on Life Span: Annual, Biennial and Perennial Crops

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<h1><strong>ANNUAL, BIENNIAL AND PERENNIAL CROPS</strong></h1> CONTENT Classification of Crops based on Life Span; <ol> <li>Annual Crops (e.g. maize, yam, etc.)</li> <li>Biennial Crops (e.g. ginger, pineapple, cassava, etc)</li> <li>Perennial Crops (e.g cocoa, mango, etc.)</li> </ol>   <h2><strong>Classification of Crops based on Life Span</strong></h2> Crops complete their processes of growth at different lengths of time. Hence, crops can be classified as follows - annual, biennial and perennial. <h2><strong>Annual Crops</strong></h2> Annual crops are crops which complete their life cycle (length of life) within one year or in one growing season. These crops grow into maturity, flower, produce seeds and eventually die within one year. Examples are maize, rice, sorghum, soya-beans, guinea corn, cowpea, sweet potato, cotton, tomato, yam, etc.

Uses of Weeds; Methods of Weed Control

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<h1><strong>USES OF WEEDS; METHODS OF WEED CONTROL</strong></h1> CONTENT <ol> <li>Uses of Weeds</li> <li>Methods of Weeds Control</li> </ol>   <h2><strong>Uses of Weeds</strong></h2> Weeds are used for the following purposes: <ol> <li>Some weeds are used as cover crops.</li> <li>Weeds are used as forage grasses and legumes for feeding animals e.g. elephant grass.</li> <li>Weeds are used to prepare compost and green manure e.g. mucuna, pueraria.</li> <li>They are used to control soil erosion e.g. bahama grass.</li> <li>They serve medicinal purposes e.g. lemon grass.</li>

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