Agriculture in Stock Exchange

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<h1><strong>AGRICULTURE IN STOCK EXCHANGE </strong></h1> CONTENT <ol> <li>Introduction to Stock Exchange</li> <li>Meaning of Stock Exchange</li> <li>Buying and Selling of Goods and Services Available Now and in the Future</li> <li>Terms Used in Stock Exchange</li> <li>People Involved in Stock Exchange</li> </ol> <h2><strong>Introduction to Stock Exchange </strong></h2> The activities of stock exchange are about selling part or all of an enterprise or corporation to numerous part-owners so as to generate money to finance that enterprise. The money which is called Capital is generated by a corporation or organization through the sales and distribution of parts or all to several part-owners is called <strong><em>Stock.</em></strong> One unit of stock is called <strong><em>shares</em>,</strong> while the combination of those who bought shares i.e. those who contributed money towards the setting up of the business is called <strong><em>Shareholders.</em></strong> The shareholders are given share certificate as a clear evidence of the amount of money contributed and that makes them a part-owners. <em><strong>Share Certificate </strong></em>is the document which clearly shows the number of shares each holder contributed to the business and other relevant information. <h2><strong>Meaning of Stock Exchange

Rock Formation

<h1><strong>ROCK FORMATION</strong></h1> CONTENT <ol> <li>Meaning of Rock</li> <li>The Process of Rock Formation</li> <li>Rock Minerals</li> <li>Types of Rock</li> </ol>   <h2><strong>Meaning of Rock </strong></h2> Rock is defined as any mineral material of the earth. Rock can also be defined as the aggregate of minerals made up of hard and soft materials like stone, sand, etc. Rock constitutes a significant part of the earth's crust. The earth's crust consists of rocks which are the combination of different mineral elements such as silica which contains silicon and oxygen. Rocks are aggregates (mixtures) of minerals.   <h2><strong>The Process of Rock Formation </strong></h2> Rocks are formed as a result of volcanic eruptions from earth’s crust. During the volcanic eruption the molten material or magma may remain within or escape to the surface . The magma or lava subsequently cools and solidifies to form glassy crystalline textured mass. In Nigeria rocks are found in Benue, Bauchi, Zaria, Plateau, Ilorin, Ondo, Ado-Ekiti, Abakiliki and Ogoja in Cross River State, etc. Some of the magma may cool before reaching the surface of the earth thus forming plutonic rocks (intrusive rocks) while some may reach the surface to form volcanic rocks (extrusive rocks) Examples of plutonic (intrusive) rocks are granite, diorite, gabbro, etc. Examples of volcanic (extrusive) rocks are basalt, andesite, obsidian, pumice, rhyolite, scoria and tuff. Rapid cooling gives rise to fine grained rocks,while slow cooling gives rise to larger grained rocks.   <h2><strong>Rock Minerals</strong></h2> Rock contains primary and secondary minerals, namely;

Plant Nutrient and Nutrient Cycles (continued)

<h1><strong>PLANT NUTRIENTS AND NUTRIENTS CYCLE</strong></h1> CONTENT <ol> <li>Meaning of Nutrient Cycle</li> <li>The Nitrogen Cycle</li> <li>The Carbon Cycle</li> <li>The Phosphorus Cycle</li> <li>Diagram Process of Each Cycle</li> <li>Importance of Each Cycle</li> </ol>   <h2>Meaning of Nutrient Cycle</h2> Nutrients cycle refers to the circulation of some nutrients in nature. They occur in the sea, soil, air, forest, etc.   <h2>The Nitrogen Cycle</h2> This is the natural process by which nitrogen moves in natural forms to another parts of the environment.   <img class="size-full wp-image-52364 aligncenter" src="https://classhall.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/plant-nutrient-cycle-nitrogen-cycle.jpg" alt="Plant nutrient and nutrient cycle - nitrogen cycle" width="577" height="421" /> <p style="text-align: center;">The Nitrogen Cycle</p>   <h3>The Processes of Nitrogen Transformation</h3> Processes of nitrogen transformation include: <ol> <li><strong>Oxidation during lightening</strong>: Nitrogen in the air combines with oxygen to form oxides of nitrogen such as nitric-oxides. Nitrogen peroxide and nitric-oxide. These undergo further oxidation to from nitrogen-dixoide. When this dissolves in water during rain. It forms nitrous acid and nitric acid. These are converted to nitrates and filter into the soil with rain water.</li>

Weeds and Weed Control

<h1>WEEDS AND WEED CONTROL</h1> CONTENT <ol> <li>Meaning of Weeds</li> <li>Common Weeds</li> <li>Effects of Weeds on Crops and Economy</li> <li>Economic Importance of Weeds</li> <li>Characteristic Features of Weeds</li> <li>Methods of Weed Dispersal</li> <li>Methods of Controlling Weeds</li> </ol>   <h2>Meaning of Weeds</h2> Weeds are often called volunteer plants because they grow where they are not planted. They are plants which grow where they are not wanted. They can also be defined as”plants out of place”. They are usually unwanted, uninvited quests on farms.Also ,their growth interfere with that of cultivated crops and therefore constitute nuisance to crops, livestock or even man. An edible crop could become a weed if it grows where and when it was not planted, example maize growing on a land where cassava is planted is a weed.   <h2>Common Weeds</h2> Some of the common weeds include:

Agricultural Finance: Capital Market

<h1>AGRICULTURAL FINANCE - THE CAPITAL MARKET</h1> CONTENT <ol> <li>Meaning of Capital Market</li> <li>Institutions Involved in the Capital Market</li> <li>Sources of Funds for the Capital Market</li> <li>The Stock Exchange Market</li> <li>Companies Involved in the Stock Exchange in Nigeria Connected with Agriculture</li> <li>The Role of the Capital Market in the Development of Agribusiness</li> </ol>   <h2>Meaning of Capital Market</h2> A capital market is where business enterprises, companies and governments raise long term fund to carry out their activities. Capital market refer to institutions that deal with medium and long terms loans for investors to inject into their business. A typical example of a capital market is the stock market. Agricultural investors like other business practitioners can approach this market to source for fund for agribusiness.   <h2>Institutions Involved in the Capital Market</h2> The following institutions are involved in the capital market: <ol> <li>Commercial Banks</li> <li>Mortgage Banks</li> <li>Nigeria Agricultural Cooperative and rural Development Bank (NACRDB)</li> <li>Government Agencies e.g. Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN)</li> <li>Stock Broken Firms</li> </ol>   <h2>Sources of Funds for the Capital Market</h2> The capital market is funded through the following means: <ol>

Reproduction and Reproductive Process in Farm Animals

<h1>REPRODUCTION AND REPRODUCTIVE PROCESS IN FARM ANIMALS</h1> CONTENT <ol> <li>Reproductive Systems of Farm Animals, Mammals and Poultry</li> <li>The Male Reproductive System</li> <li>Functions of Various Parts of Male Reproductive System</li> <li>Male Reproductive System in Poultry</li> <li>Female Reproductive System</li> <li>Reproductive System in Poultry (Hen)</li> <li>Reproductive Hormones</li> <li>Reproductive Processes/Terminologies in Production</li> </ol>   <h2>Reproductive Systems of Farm Animals, Mammals and Poultry</h2> Reproduction can be defined as the process through which living organisms give birth to young ones. It involves mating, after which the male sperm is united to the female ovum to form zygote.   <h2>The Male Reproductive System</h2> The male reproductive system is made up of the primary sex character (testes) and the secondary sex character which consist of the scrotum, cowpers gland, prostate gland, seminal vesicle, urethra, penis, vas deferens and spermatic ducts. <img class="size-full wp-image-55164 aligncenter" src="https://classhall.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/male-reproductive-system.jpg" alt="Reproduction and Reproductive Process in Farm Animals - Male Reproductive System" width="694" height="404" /> <img class="size-full wp-image-55165 aligncenter" src="https://classhall.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/male-reproductive-system-spermatozoa.jpg" alt="Reproduction and Reproductive Process in Farm Animals - Male Reproductive System - Spermatozoa" width="526" height="239" />   <h3>Functions of Various Parts of Male Reproductive System</h3> <strong>Testes</strong>: They are located within the scrotum or scrotal sac. When stimulated by the male hormone called testosterone, it secrets spermatozoa. <strong>Scrotum</strong>: This helps to house the testes. It regulates the temperature of the testes at 4⁰C less than the body temperature. <strong>Vas deferens</strong>: This is responsible for conducting sperm from the epididymis to the neck of the urethra.

Parts of Flowering Plants and their Functions

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<h1><strong>PARTS OF FLOWERING PLANTS AND THEIR FUNCTIONS </strong></h1> CONTENT <ol> <li>Parts of Flowering Plant and their Functions</li> <li>Important Terms</li> </ol>   <h2><strong>Parts of a Flowering Plant </strong></h2> A flowering plant is made up of two parts, namely; <ol> <li>the root system</li> <li>the shoot system</li> </ol> <h3>1.<strong> Root System: </strong></h3> The root system refers to the portion of the plant which develops inside the soil. The root has many tiny structures on it called the root hairs through which water, mineral salts and other nutrients are absorbed by the plant through a process known as <strong>osmosis. </strong> The root system is divided into two main types namely; <ol> <li>Tap/main root</li> <li>Fibrous/adventitious</li> </ol> <p style="text-align: center;"><img class="size-full wp-image-31956 aligncenter" src="https://classhall.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/flowering-plants.jpg" alt="" width="634" height="322" /><strong>A Labelled Diagram of a Flowering Plant </strong></p> <h4><strong>Functions of the Root</strong></h4> (i)<strong> Anchorage:</strong> for holding the plant firmly to the ground. (ii)<strong> Nutrient absorption:</strong> Roots absorbs water and mineral elements from the soil which are then pass unto other plant parts. This is the most important function of the root to the plant. (iii)<strong> Storage</strong>: In some plants the roots acts as storage organs e.g carrot, cassava, etc. (iv)<strong> Reproduction</strong>: Some plants used their roots for vegetative propagation e.g. bread fruit, sweet potato, citrus etc. (v)<strong> Nutrient fixation:</strong> Roots of leguminous crops harbors some nitrogen fixing bacteria which helps to convert atmospheric nitrogen into soil nitrate for plant use. (vi)<strong> Erosion control:</strong> Root of grasses help to bind soil particles together thus preventing erosion.

Definition and Characteristics of Weeds

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<h1><strong>DEFINITION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF WEEDS </strong></h1> CONTENT <ol> <li>Definition of Weeds</li> <li>Some Common Weeds</li> <li>Characteristics of Weeds</li> </ol>   <h2><strong>Definition of Weeds</strong></h2> Weeds are plants growing where they are not wanted or cultivated. A plant may be weed in one farm but crop in another farm. For instance, a cowpea plant growing in a cassava plot is a weed. <h2><strong>Some Common Weeds</strong></h2> <p style="text-align: center;"><img class="size-full wp-image-36103 aligncenter" src="https://classhall.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/some-common-weeds-sida-acuta.jpg" alt="Meaning of weeds - Characteristics of weeds - Some common weeds - Sida acuta" width="604" height="195" /><strong>Sida acuta</strong></p>

Advantages and Disadvantages of Crop Propagation

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<h1><strong>ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF CROP ROTATION</strong></h1> CONTENT <ol> <li>Advantages of Sexual Propagation</li> <li>Disadvantages of Sexual Propagation</li> <li>Advantages of Asexual Propagation</li> <li>Disadvantages of Asexual/Vegetative Propagation</li> </ol>   <h2><strong>Advantages and Disadvantages of Propagation by Seeds</strong></h2> <h3><strong>Advantages of Sexual Propagation</strong></h3> The following are the advantages of sexual propagation of seeds: <ol> <li>Seeds are light and can easily be transported.</li> <li>Seeds are relatively cheaper.</li> <li>Seeds are easy to to procure.</li> <li>It is very easy to practice, that is, seeds can be carried conveniently to the farm.</li>

Fish Processing and Preservation Methods

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<h1><strong>PRESERVATION OF FISH</strong></h1> CONTENT <ol> <li>Meaning of Fish Preservation</li> <li>Methods of Fish Preservation</li> </ol> <h2><strong>Meaning of Fish Preservation</strong></h2> Fish preservation is the way of taking good care of fish after it has been captured in order to prevent it from going bad. Methods of preserving fish include the following: <h2><strong>Methods of Fish Preservation</strong></h2> <ol> <li>Sun drying: Removes water by evaporation and its cheap.</li>

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