Characteristic Features of Some Farm Animals and their Distribution in Nigeria

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<h1><strong>Characteristic Features of Some Farm Animals and their Distribution in Nigeria</strong></h1> CONTENT Characteristics and Distribution of; <ol> <li>Cattle</li> <li>Cheep</li> <li>Goats</li> <li>Pigs</li> <li>Rabbits</li> <li>Poultry</li> <li>Horses</li> </ol> <img class="size-full wp-image-32371 aligncenter" src="https://classhall.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Characteristics-and-distribution-of-farm-animals-in-Nigeria.jpg" alt="Characteristics and distribution of farm animals in Nigeria" width="466" height="157" />   <h2><strong>Basic Characteristic Features of Farm Animals</strong></h2> Farm animals have certain basic features that make them belong to a particular group. These characteristics help to differentiate them from other forms of animals and also enable some of the animals to adapt to their natural habitat. Examples of farm animals include: <strong>Cattle, Sheep, Goat, Pig, Poultry, Rabbit, Fish, Snails, Guinea pig, Donkeys and Horses.</strong> <strong>Distribution</strong> refers to where they can be found, or where they are commonly reared. The types of farm animals found in Nigeria, whether local or exotic (imported) are as follows:

Factors of Production: Labour

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<h1><strong>THE FACTORS OF PRODUCTION: LABOUR </strong></h1> CONTENT <ol> <li>Meaning of Labour</li> <li>Characteristics of Labour</li> <li>Forms/Sources of Labour Available to Farmers</li> <li>Importance of Labour in Agricultur</li> <li>Agricultural Activities that Require Labour</li> </ol>   <h2><strong>Meaning of Labour</strong></h2> Labour refers to all forms of human effort (mental and physical) put into production of goods and services. <img class="size-full wp-image-36133 aligncenter" src="https://classhall.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/factors-of-agricultural-production-labour.jpg" alt="Factors of Production - Labour" width="354" height="230" /> <h2><strong>Characteristics of Labour</strong></h2> The characteristics of labour include the following: <ol> <li>Labour is mobile</li> <li>Labour has feelings and emotions and cannot be used anyhow.</li> <li>It is a variable and not a fixed asset.</li>

Factors Affecting the Distribution of Livestock in Nigeria

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<h1><strong>FACTORS AFFECTING THE DISTRIBUTION OF LIVESTOCK IN NIGERIA</strong></h1> CONTENT <ol> <li>Factors Affecting the Distribution of Livestock in Nigeria</li> <li>Table Showing Terms Associated With Some Farm Animals</li> </ol>   <h2><strong>Factors Affecting the Distribution of Livestock in Nigeria</strong></h2> The population of certain kinds of farm animal is more in certain areas than in others. There are factors responsible. Up to 80% of grazing livestock is to be found in the savanna zone of northern Nigeria. This is because of the following factors: 1. <strong>Food/Availability of good pasture</strong>: This constitutes the bulk of the feed of livestock. Large expanse of grassland is abundant in northern Nigeria, and for this reason there is greater population of cattle, sheep and goats, which graze on the pasture grasses and legumes found in this area than in southern Nigeria. 2.<strong> Climate: </strong>Animal production is usually affected adversely by too hot or too cold weather conditions. For instance, pigs do not have sweat glands, so they do not perspire; rearing them in a hot climate will greatly reduce their efficiency. Moreover, the growth and multiplication of pests and diseases is also encouraged by high temperature and rainfall, and this hinders the growth and performance of livestock.

Factors of Production: Capital

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<h1><strong>FACTORS OF PRODUCTION - CAPITAL </strong></h1> CONTENT <ol> <li>Meaning of Capital (Money)</li> <li>Characteristics of Capital</li> <li>Types of Capital/Assets</li> <li>Differences between Fixed Capital and Working Capital</li> <li>Importance of Capital in Agriculture</li> </ol>   <h2><strong>Meaning of Capital (Money)</strong></h2> Capital refers to all man-made productive assets which are used in production e.g. hoes, plough, farm building, cash etc. <strong>OR </strong> These are assets made by man to enable him to produce goods and services. <h2><strong>Characteristics of Capital</strong></h2> The following are the characteristics of capital:

Classification of Farm Animals based on Size and Habitat

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<h1><strong>CLASSIFICATION OF FARM ANIMALS BASED ON SIZE AND HABITAT </strong></h1> CONTENT <ol> <li>Classification of Farm Animals based on Size and Habitat</li> <li>Classification of Farm Animals based on Habitat</li> </ol>   <h2><strong>Classification of Farm Animals</strong></h2> Farm animals are classified based on the following criteria: <ol> <li>The size of the animal</li> <li>The habitat</li> <li>The stomach types/digestion</li> <li>The modes of reproduction</li> <li>The feeding pattern</li> </ol>   <h2><strong>Classification based on the Size of Animal</strong></h2> This refers to the body size. It is further divided into two <ol> <li>Large farm animals</li> <li>Small farm animals</li> </ol> <h3><strong>Large Farm Animals</strong></h3> These are animals with large body sizes. Examples are cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, camels, horses, donkeys, etc. <img class="size-full wp-image-32367 aligncenter" src="https://classhall.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/work-animals-bull.jpg" alt="Farm Animals - Work animals - bull" width="304" height="208" />

Factors of Production: Entrepreneur or Management

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<h1><strong>FACTORS OF PRODUCTION - ENTREPRENEUR OR MANAGEMENT</strong></h1> CONTENT <ol> <li>Meaning of Entrepreneur or Management</li> <li>Characteristics of Management</li> <li>Importance of Entrepreneur or Management in Agricultural Production</li> </ol>   <h2><strong>Meaning of Entrepreneur or Management</strong></h2> An entrepreneur or management refers to the person or group of persons who organize, co-ordinate and control the use of other factors of production. This is the person responsible for directing the affairs of the farm’s administration. He is the farm manager and the ultimate risk bearer. He takes important managerial decisions involving:

Definition and Importance of Agriculture

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<h1><strong>DEFINITION AND IMPORTANCE OF AGRICULTURE</strong></h1> CONTENT <ol> <li>Definition of Agriculture</li> <li>Importance of Agriculture to the Individual</li> <li>Importance of Agriculture to the Society</li> <li>Importance of Agriculture to the Nation</li> <li>Types of Agriculture based on Levels of Production: Subsistence & Commercial Agriculture</li> </ol> <br> <h2><strong>Definition of Agriculture</strong></h2> Agriculture can be defined as the art and science which deals with the growing of crops and rearing of animals for man’s use. <h2><strong>Importance of Agriculture </strong></h2> Agriculture plays an important role in the development of all nations. It used to be the mainstay of Nigeria’s economy and that of other developing countries. The importance of agriculture can be grouped into three categories: <h2><strong>Importance of Agriculture to the Individual</strong></h2> <ol> <li><strong>Provision of food:</strong> This is the <strong>most</strong> important contribution of agriculture to man because food is required for our survival. People need food in order to live. Farm animals also need food. The food could be meat, eggs, and milk from farm animals and products from many different crops such as yam, rice, maize etc.</li> <li><strong>Provision of shelter materials:</strong> This help to protect man from adverse weather conditions and predators. Agriculture is a source of materials used in building houses. Materials such as timbers and leaves are used in building houses.</li> <li><strong>Provision of materials for clothing</strong>: Agriculture provides fibre, silk and cotton from plants for textile production, hides and skins as well as wool from sheep for clothing, shoes, belts and bags.</li>

Classification of Animals based on Mode of Reproduction

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<h1><strong>CLASSIFICATION OF FARM ANIMALS BASED ON MODE OF REPRODUCTION</strong></h1> CONTENT Classification of Farm Animals based on Mode of Reproduction <ol> <li>Mammals</li> <li>Non-mammals</li> </ol>   <h2><strong>Classification of Farm Animals based on Mode of Reproduction</strong></h2> Using this criteria, farm animals can be classified into two groups, which are: <ul> <li>Mammals (viviparous farm animals)</li> <li>Non-mammals (oviparous farm animals)</li> </ul> <h3><strong>Mammals </strong></h3> Mammals are animals that give birth to their young ones alive and have their bodies covered with hair or fur.

Types of Agriculture based on Levels of Production

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<h1><strong>TYPES OF AGRICULTURE BASED ON THE LEVELS OF PRODUCTION</strong></h1> CONTENT<strong> </strong> <ol> <li>Meaning and Characteristics of Subsistence Agriculture</li> <li>Meaning and Characteristics of Commercial Agriculture</li> </ol>   <h2><strong>Subsistence Agriculture</strong></h2> <h3><strong>Meaning of Subsistence Agriculture</strong></h3> Subsistence agriculture is defined as the type of agriculture which involves the production of crops and animals by a farmer to feed himself and his family. He produces food for the consumption of the family with little or nothing left for sale. <h3><strong>Characteristics of Subsistence Agriculture</strong></h3> <ol> <li>It requires small capital/finance.</li> <li>Mixed cropping is mostly practiced.</li> <li>There is limited used of agro-chemicals e.g. pesticides and fertilizers.</li> <li>Unimproved varieties of crops and breeds of animals are used.</li> <li>There is little or no surplus for sale.</li> <li>It involves the used of crude/traditional tools such as hoes, machetes/cutlasses.</li> <li>It involves mainly the production of food crops.</li> <li>It is done on small scattered land.</li> <li>It uses family/unskilled labour.</li> <li>Yield/output is low.</li> </ol>

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