<h1><strong>DISPERSAL OF WEEDS (WEED DISSEMINATION)</strong></h1> CONTENT <ol> <li>Introduction</li> <li>Meaning of Weed Dispersal</li> <li>Agents of Weed Dispersal</li> </ol> <h2><strong>Introduction</strong></h2> Weeds are widely dispersed through various adaptations. This is one of the reasons why weeds survive and are found in almost all cultivated fields. <h2><strong>Meaning of Weed Dispersal </strong></h2> This is the process by which seeds of weeds, fruits and propagules are carried from one place to another through one agent or the other. <h2><strong>Agents</strong> <strong>of Weed Dispersal</strong></h2> The agents of weed dispersal include the following:

<h1><strong>MEANING, TYPES AND CLASSIFICATION OF PESTS</strong></h1> CONTENT <ol> <li>Meaning of Pest</li> <li>Type of Pests</li> <li>Classification of Pests based on Mouth Parts</li> <li>Classification of Insect Pests based on the Location</li> </ol> <strong> </strong> <h2><strong>Meaning of Pest</strong></h2> Pest can be defined simply as any living organism, plant or animal, which can cause damage to cultivated crops, animals and human beings. Human beings can also be called pests if they cause damage to crops or livestock. Pests can carry organisms that cause diseases and constitute nuisance to agricultural products. Majority of crop pests are invertebrates e.g. insects and eel-worms.

<h1><strong>DESCRIPTION OF THE DAMAGE DONE BY PESTS</strong></h1> CONTENT <ol> <li>Description of the Damage Done by Pests</li> <li>Table Showing the Description of Damage Done by Crop Pests</li> </ol>   <h2><strong>Description of the Damage Done by Pests</strong></h2> Crop pests do a lot of damage to crops either on the farm or in the store. The damages done by pests include: (i) Some insect pests are carriers of diseases which they transmit to healthy plants. Examples of diseases transmitted by insect are: ground nut rosette, cassava mosaic, swollen shoot of cocoa, etc. (ii) Mammals (rodents) e.g. rats, grass-cutter eat up the tubers of yam, cassava and potato.

<h1><strong>EFFECTS OF CROP PESTS ON YIELD</strong></h1> CONTENT <ol> <li>Effects of Crop Pests on Yield</li> <li>Economic Importance of Pests</li> </ol>   <h2><strong>Effects of Crop Pests on Yield</strong></h2> Crop pests have the following effects on crop yield: <ol> <li>Heavy attack by pests may result in total crop failure.</li> <li>Infected seeds, crops, and vegetables have low market value.</li> <li>Pests reduce the quality of crops.</li> <li>Pests eat up leaves of crops, thereby reducing the photosynthetic activity of the plant.</li> <li>They cause injury which may predisposes crop to diseases attack.</li>

<h1><strong>FACTORS OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION </strong></h1> CONTENT <ol> <li>Meaning of Production</li> <li>Meaning of Factors of Production</li> <li>Factors of Production</li> <li>Meaning and Characteristics of Land</li> <li>Importance of Land in Agriculture</li> <li>Meaning of Water as a Factor of Production</li> <li>Importance of Water in Agricultural production</li> <li>Sources of Water for Agricultural Purposes</li> </ol>   <h2><strong>Meaning of Production</strong></h2> Production is the process of manufacturing goods and providing services. <strong>OR</strong> Production refers to all economic activities which result in the creation of goods and services. <h2><strong>Meaning of Factors of Production</strong></h2> <strong>Factors of production </strong>are those resources needed to achieve production. <strong>OR</strong> For goods and services to be created during the process of production, certain factors have to come together. These resources or factors that are combined for goods and services to be produced are known as factors of production. <h2><strong>The Factors of Production</strong></h2> The factors of production are: