<h1><strong>INTRODUCTION TO MUSIC</strong></h1> CONTENT <ol> <li>Definition of Music</li> <li>Definition of Sound</li> <li>Sources of Sound</li> <li>Uses of Music/The Impact of Music on Human Life</li> <li>Musical Terms</li> </ol>   <h2><strong>Definition of Music</strong></h2> Music is regarded as the combination of organized sounds. The most important thing in the definition of music is that it must be an organized sound. Sound is the main source of music. However for sound to be regarded as music it must be organized, regular and definite. Noise is the opposite of musical sound. It is produced by irregular and indefinite sound. Another name for noise is raw sound.   <h2><strong>Definition of Sound</strong></h2> Sound is a vibration of air which is heard when it is produced. It is also a sensation produced by objects through striking, plucking, bowing and blowing. Human beings can produce sound by singing, clapping and of course by playing musical instruments. <img class="size-full wp-image-20393 aligncenter" src="https://classhall.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/introduction-to-music-definition-of-sound-definition-of-music.jpg" alt="Introduction to music - Definition of music - Definition of sound" width="476" height="169" />   <h2><strong>Sources of Sound</strong></h2>

<h1><strong>ELEMENTS OF MUSIC</strong></h1> CONTENT <ol> <li>Meaning of Elements of Music</li> <li>The Elements of Music</li> </ol>   <h2><strong>Meaning of Elements of Music</strong></h2> The term elements refer to those factors or component which makes up a music, without those factors, music has no meaning and effect.   <h2><strong>The Elements of Music</strong></h2> The elements of music include the following: (i) <strong>Pitch:</strong> This refers to height or depth of sound. This means the highest or lowness of sound. (ii) <strong>Rhythm:</strong> This refers to the movement of music. The movement of music depends on the time arrangement of notes, beats, accents, and so on. Thus, music can move in 2 (duple) 3 (triple) 4 (quadruple) time. Similarly, the movement of music can be fast, slow or moderate.

<h1><strong>KINDS AND CLASSIFICATION OF MUSIC</strong></h1> CONTENT <ol> <li>Kinds of Music</li> <li>Classification of Music</li> <li>Musical Terms</li> </ol>   <h2><strong>Kinds of Music</strong></h2> We have several kinds of music and they include the following: (i)<strong> Folk Music:</strong> This is refers to the traditional music of a people, which is performed in the people`s community according to the culture of the people. Usually, folk music is not written, rather it is transmitted orally from generation to generation. (ii)<strong> Classical Music:</strong> This is refers to real standard music which develops as a result of education. It originated from Germany, France, England, Austria and other western countries. This class of music was composed by great masters like Bach, Handel, Schubert, Beethoven, Haydn etc. some examples of classical music are operas, symphonies, oratorios, sonatas, suites, chorales and so on.

<h1><strong>MUSICAL ALPHABETS AND MUSICAL STAFF</strong></h1> CONTENT <ol> <li>Musical Alphabets</li> <li>Musical Staff</li> <li>Musical Terms</li> </ol>   <h2><strong>Musical Alphabets</strong></h2> There are seven English alphabets used in music, they are, A, B, C, D, E, F, G. These seven alphabets are called musical alphabets; they are used to write music.

<h1><strong>RECORDER MUSIC</strong></h1> CONTENT <ol> <li>Description of the Recorder</li> <li>Holding the Recorder</li> </ol>   <h2><strong>Description of the Recorder</strong></h2> The recorder is an ancient instrument. Its history dates back to the medieval period of music history. Actually the recorder belongs to the flute family, but then it is regarded as the member of the wood wind family and really operates on the same mechanism as other wood wind instruments. However, whereas the other instruments of woodwind family are used in the orchestra, the recorder does not appear in the orchestra. Nowadays, the recorder is very popular in schools as it used to be in England between the 16^th and 17^th century. Its popularity rises from the fact that it is quite cheap to buy the mass produced type and also portable, thus it is easy for students to carry about. <img class="size-full wp-image-20416 aligncenter" src="https://classhall.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/music-recorder.jpg" alt="Music recorder " width="309" height="224" /> <p style="text-align: center;"><strong>Parts of the Recorder</strong></p>

<h1><strong>CLEFS/LETTER NAMES OF LINES AND SPACES (TREBLE AND BASS STAFF)</strong></h1> CONTENT <ol> <li>Definition of Clef</li> <li>Functions of Clef</li> <li>Kinds of Clef</li> <li>Treble Staff or Stave</li> <li>Bass or F Clef (pronounced 'base' )</li> <li>Bass Staff or Stave</li> <li>Musical Terms</li> </ol>   <h2><strong>Definition of Clef</strong></h2> Clef is a French word, meaning Key. Clef is defined as a symbol placed at the commencement [beginning] of a stave [staff] which indicates the pitch of a musical note and also fixes the letter names of the lines and spaces.   <h2><strong>Functions of Clef</strong></h2> (i) To indicate the pitch of a musical note. (ii) To fix the letter names of the lines and spaces.   <h2><strong>Kinds of Clef </strong></h2> At this level, we shall consider the two major clefs which are also in common use. (i) Treble or G clef. (ii) Bass or F clef. The letter names lines and spaces are taken from the seven letters of the alphabets; A B C D E F G called musical alphabets. <br> <h2><strong>Treble or G Clef</strong></h2> This clef starts from the second line of the stave which is called G, and curls round it. <img class="alignnone size-full wp-image-20419" src="https://classhall.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/treble-or-g-clef.jpg" alt="Treble or G Clef" width="85" height="76" /> When G clef is placed on a stave or staff, the stave automatically becomes a<strong> Treble Stave</strong>. Treble stave consist of five parallel lines and four spaces as shown below.

<h1><strong>GRAND STAFF/GREAT STAFF</strong></h1> CONTENT <ol> <li>The Great Staff</li> <li>Ledger Lines</li> </ol>   <h2><strong>The Great Staff</strong></h2> The great stave consists of 11 lines and 10 spaces. When the bass and treble clef are combined and connected by a brace (left) and lines, they become the grand staff. This greatly increases the range of pitches that can be noted, and is often used in piano music due to the piano's wide range.<img class="size-full wp-image-20425 aligncenter" src="https://classhall.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/the-grand-staff-great-staff.jpg" alt="The grand staff/Great Staff" width="235" height="179" />

<h1><strong>HISTORICAL PERIODS OF MUSIC</strong></h1> CONTENT <ol> <li>Musical Periods and Some Major Composers</li> <li>Life and Works of G. F. Handel</li> </ol>   <h2><strong>Musical Periods and Some Major Composers</strong></h2> The historical development of western music is divided into stages, popularly referred to as “musical periods”. Apart from the early musical periods from B.C. to 1400 A.D., there are such periods as: (i) Renaissance period (1400 – 1600AD) (ii) Baroque period (1600 – 1750AD) (iii) Classical period (1750 – 1820 AD) (iv) Romantic period (1820 – 1900AD) (v) Modern period (1900 to date)   <h2><strong>Life and Works of G. F. Handel</strong></h2> <img class="size-full wp-image-20431 aligncenter" src="https://classhall.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/historical-periods-of-music-life-and-work-of-GF-Handel.jpg" alt="Historical periods of music life and work of GF Handel" width="274" height="303" />

<h1><strong>SINGING</strong></h1> CONTENT <ol> <li>Meaning of Singing</li> <li>Types of Singing Voice</li> <li>Singing Nigeria's National Anthem</li> <li>The Tonic Solfa of the Anthem of Federal Republic of Nigeria\</li> <li>Practical</li> </ol>   <h2><strong>Meaning of Singing</strong></h2> Singing is the use of voice to produce songs.   <h2><strong>Types of Singing Voice</strong></h2> There are four main classifications of the singing voice, namely: Soprano, Alto, tenor and Bass; (i)<strong> Soprano</strong>: The soprano is usually sung by women, though young castrated boys in the olden days also sing soprano. (ii)<strong> Alto</strong>: This Alto voice is common among the women. The only difference between soprano and alto voices is that the range is lower than the soprano. (iii) <strong>Tenor:</strong> This is the highest voice in the male category and it can be light, heavy, robust, etc; depending on the quality of the voice of the singer. (iv)<strong> Bass: </strong>It is the deepest range, usually for men.