QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS
CONTENT
- Definition of Qualitative Analysis
- Identification of Ions
- Test for Gases
Definition of Qualitative Analysis
Qualitative analysis is the aspect of chemistry that deals with the identification of ions in salt samples. A simple salt is an ionic compound that contains one cation and one anion.
E.g. sodium chloride NaCl = Na+ Cl–
Anions: these are negatively charged ions. E.g. Chloride ion Cl–, Nitrate ion NO3–, sulphate SO42-, carbonate ion CO32- e.t.c.
Cations: these are positively charged ions e.g. sodium ion Na+, ammonium ion NH4+, Calcium ion Ca2+ e.t.c
Ions are examined using the following methods:
- Preliminary test.
- Confirmatory test.
Preliminary test: this involves observation of salts for physical properties. The test includes Colour, flame test, action of heat and test for gases.
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