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QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS

CONTENT

  1. Definition of Qualitative Analysis
  2. Identification of Ions
  3. Test for Gases

 

Definition of Qualitative Analysis

Qualitative analysis is the aspect of chemistry that deals with the identification of ions in salt samples. A simple salt is an ionic compound that contains one cation and one anion.

E.g. sodium chloride NaCl   =     Na+    Cl

Anions: these are negatively charged ions. E.g. Chloride ion Cl, Nitrate ion NO3,  sulphate SO42-, carbonate ion CO32- e.t.c.

Cations: these are positively charged ions e.g. sodium ion Na+, ammonium ion NH4+, Calcium ion Ca2+ e.t.c

Ions are examined using the following methods:

  1. Preliminary test.
  2. Confirmatory test.

Preliminary test: this involves observation of salts for physical properties. The test includes Colour, flame test, action of heat and test for gases.

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