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The Meaning and Scope of Social Studies Education

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<h1><strong>MEANING AND SCOPE OF SOCIAL STUDIES EDUCATION</strong></h1> CONTENT <ol> <li>Meaning of Social Studies</li> <li>Scope of Social Studies</li> <li>Interaction between Man and the Environment</li> <li>Reasons for Studying Social Studies</li> </ol> <br> <h2><strong>Meaning of Social Studies</strong></h2> Social Studies is the study of man and his environment. It focuses on making us understand the interrelationship between man and his environment. It can be described as a subject that studies the way man lives in his physical and social environment. It is about how man influences his environment and how this environment, in turn, influences him. <br> <h2><strong>Scope of Social Studies</strong></h2> Basically, scope of Social Studies entails man, his environment (physical environment and social environment) as well as science and technology which man uses to make his environment suitable or conducive for him. It also entails the fact that Social Studies is an <em>integrated subject.</em> <img class="size-full wp-image-30637 aligncenter" src="https://classhall.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/scope-of-social-studies1.jpg" alt="Scope of Social Studies" width="409" height="261" /> <p style="text-align: center;"><strong>Dimensions of Social Studies</strong></p> <strong>Man</strong>: In Social Studies, ‘when we say man’ we simply mean human beings – you and I. It refers to human beings anywhere in the world: male or female, black or white. <strong>Man’s Environment:</strong> Environment refers to the totality of things and fellow human beings around man. There are two types of environment: physical environment and social environment. (a)<strong> Physical Environment:</strong> Physical environment refers to those physical things (or non-humans) around man. Examples are land, river, water, car, building etc. They are natural or man-made objects in our environment that we can see, feel or touch. Physical environment can be divided into <em>Natural Environment</em> and<em> Artificial Environment</em>. (i)<strong> Natural physical environments: </strong>These are things provided by God or nature. These include:

History of Nigerian Social Studies Education

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<h1><strong>HISTORY OF NIGERIAN SOCIAL STUDIES EDUCATION</strong></h1> CONTENT <ol> <li>History of Social Studies: The World Perspective</li> <li>History of Social Studies in Nigeria</li> </ol> <br> <h2><strong>History of Social Studies: The World Perspective</strong></h2> There was no school subject with the name of Social Studies before the World War II, WWII (1 Sep 1939 – 2 Sep 1945). Before then, Social Science subjects like anthropology, archaeology, jurisprudence, philosophy, religion, psychology, political science, history, sociology, geography and economics were taught at college level. The subjects were thought to be adequate in addressing the problems of social living. But with the outbreak of World War I, WWI (1914 – 1918), it dawned on world leaders that the problems of man’s relations with one another can only be solved by integrating relevant ideas from these various but “stand-alone” social science subjects: this is called integrative approach. The United States of America and many European countries designed curricular programmes in Social Studies in which it was first taught as a school subject, relevant to their various environments and experiences shortly after World War I and World War II. Within the few years of its introduction, it produced better understanding among people and nations and greater appreciation of the roles of man in the society.   <h2><strong>History of Social Studies in Nigeria</strong></h2>

Common Social Problems in Nigeria

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<h1><strong>COMMON SOCIAL PROBLEMS IN NIGERIA </strong></h1> CONTENT 1. Meaning of Contemporary Social Problems 2. Contemporary Social Problems in Nigeria <ul> <li>Examination Malpractice</li> <li>Cultism</li> <li>HIV/AIDS</li> </ul>   <h2><strong>Meaning of Contemporary Social Problems</strong></h2> Contemporary issues and social problems are happenings or challenges that are currently affecting many people in the society. Social problems could be described as those social vices that came about as a result of urbanization, development of cities, increase in human population, interaction among people of different social background, different ethnic groups, contact with foreign cultures, use of electronic media, ICT, TV, internet services, prohibited literature etc. <br> <h2><strong>Contemporary Social Problems in Nigeria</strong></h2> Among these social issues that have become problems are: <ol> <li>Examination malpractice</li> <li>Cultism</li> <li>Terrorism</li> <li>HIV/AIDS</li> <li>Human trafficking</li> <li>Prostitution</li> <li>Drug abuse</li> <li>Ritual killing</li> <li>Area boys syndrome</li> <li>Militancy</li> <li>Political killings</li> <li>Rigging of elections</li> <li>Advance fees fraud (419)</li> </ol> <h3><strong>Examination Malpractice</strong></h3> Examination malpractice is the term used to describe the various foul means employed by students and their helpers to pass examinations and get unmerited grades and results. Students engage in examination malpractice at every level of education but it is more pronounced at the secondary and tertiary institutions of learning. It is one of the common social problems in Nigeria and a social vice that reached a high proportion in Nigerian education sector. In recent years, government at the Federal level was forced to enact Decree 18 of 1984 in order to curtail the practice. <br> <h4><strong>Causes of Examination Malpractice</strong></h4> <ol> <li><strong>Crave for good grades:</strong> The crave to earn good grades in order to secure white collar jobs or gain admission to higher institutions.</li> <li><strong>Laziness: </strong>Those who are too lazy to study will not have the required knowledge and so want to cheat during examinations.</li> <li><strong>Truancy: </strong>Some students absent themselves from classes only to come to examination halls with intention to cheat.</li> <li><strong>Lack of self-confidence: </strong>Due to lack adequate preparation, most students lose confidence in their ability to pass and so resort to cheating.</li> <li><strong>Lack of enough provision for higher education: </strong>There is always the lack of enough space for all to gain admission into higher institutions of learning in the country. This constitute a serious factor for cheating in order to score high cut-off marks.</li> <li><strong>Preference for some courses of study over others: </strong>Parents feel proud if their children are admitted for courses like Medicine, Law, Architecture, Petroleum Engineering etc irrespective of whether their children possess the ability and interest for such courses. In order to be ranked among the successful in the society, they encourage their children in cheating to pass requisite subjects at high grades.</li> <li><strong>The desire to live big: </strong>Many students prefer pleasure to hard-work, yet they want to live big in the society. Hence they resort to cheating in examinations to secure certificates that will guarantee their success in getting high paid jobs.</li> <li><strong>Overpopulation in many schools: </strong>Since the few who do very well may be promoted or admitted into higher institutions. Students therefore cheat in order to excel in the exams and over their mates.</li> <li><strong>Corrupt invigilators and Supervisor: </strong>The students know that if they offer bribes to invigilators, they will be allowed to cheat in the examination hall. Worse still, the proposal to offer bribe for cheating will in some cases originate from the supervisors or invigilators.</li> <li><strong>Many students are desperate: </strong>Many students think that passing the examination is a “do or die” affair. They want to excel by all means. Some wants promises from parents fulfilled, others want to be on TV or newspaper as the best in one form of the examination or the other (though cheats hardly excel).</li> </ol> <br> <h4><strong>Effects of Examination Malpractice</strong></h4>

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