<h1><strong>EFFECTS OF FORESTS ON THE ENVIRONMENT</strong></h1> CONTENT <ol> <li>Other Uses/Benefits of Forest Resources</li> <li>Importance of Forest</li> <li>Effects of Forest on the Environment</li> </ol>   <h2><strong>Other Uses/Benefits of Forest Resources</strong></h2> There are some other benefits of the forest which cannot be quantified in terms of monetary value but which is of great importance to people. These are: <ol> <li>Forest checks erosion of soil.</li> <li>It provides man with sources of food, shelter and protection.</li> <li>It is a source of raw materials for industries.</li> <li>It provides good sources of foreign exchange earnings.</li> <li>Forest resources provide recreational facilities.</li> <li>It provides employment opportunities for people as guards.</li> <li>Forest provides shelter for wildlife and serves as a tourist centre.</li> <li>Forest provides medicinal herbs.</li> <li>It is an important source of fuel for people.</li> </ol> <br> <h2>Importance of Forest</h2> The following are the importance of forest:

<h1><strong>HUMAN ACTIVITIES THAT AFFECT THE FOREST</strong></h1> CONTENT <ol> <li>Human Activities that Affect the Forest</li> <li>Forest Management Practices</li> </ol>   <h2><strong>Human Activities that Affect the Forest</strong></h2> A number of human activities have been identified to be a threat to the development and survival of the forest. Examples of such include: <ol> <li>Clearing or deforestation</li> <li>Bush burning</li> <li>Farming</li> <li>Hunting/Depletion of wildlife</li> <li>Poaching</li> <li>Industrialization and mining</li> <li>Construction of buildings, road and commercial places</li> </ol> <h3><strong>Clearing or deforestation</strong></h3> This is the process of indiscriminate felling of trees in the forest. Deforestation is also done when a farm is about to be started especially in the rain forest region.

<h1><strong>FISHERY</strong></h1> CONTENT <ol> <li>Definition of Fishery</li> <li>Examples of Fish</li> <li>Classification of Fish</li> <li>Other Types of Aquatic Organisms</li> </ol>   <h2><strong>Definition of Fishery</strong></h2> Fishery refers to the management and production of fish and other aquatic animals. Of all animals living in water, <strong>fish</strong> is the most plentiful of them. Fish belongs to the group of aquatic vertebrates i.e. they have back bones. They are specially adapted to live, raised and reproduced in water. The shape of their body enables them to move easily in water; swim bladder helps them to maintain their balance while the gills are used for respiration. All aquatic animals are found in water bodies such as lakes, pond, streams, rivers, oceans, lagoons and swamps. Other aquatic animals include whales, dolphins, shrimps, lobster, hippopotamus etc.<img class="size-full wp-image-36430 aligncenter" src="https://classhall.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/fishery-parts-of-a-fish-labelled.jpg" alt="Introduction to Fishery - Parts of a fish (diagram)" width="599" height="299" /> <br> <strong>Parts of a Fish (Diagram)</strong> <br> <h2><strong>Examples of Fish</strong></h2> Some examples of fish are: <ol> <li>Cat fish</li> <li>Mud fish</li> <li>Nile perch</li> <li>Rays</li> <li>Shark</li> <li>Mackerel</li> <li>carps tilapia</li> <li>Croaker etc.</li> </ol> <img class="size-full wp-image-36431 aligncenter" src="https://classhall.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/fishery-examples-of-fish.jpg" alt="Introduction to Fishery - Examples of fish" width="408" height="364" /> <br> <h2><strong>Classification of Fish</strong></h2>

<h1><strong>USES OF FISH AND FISH PRODUCTS/OTHER AQUATIC ORGANISMS</strong></h1> CONTENT <ol> <li>Examples of Fish</li> <li>Fish Products</li> <li>Other Aquatic Food Organisms</li> <li>Uses of Fish, Fish Products and Other Aquatic Food Organisms</li> </ol> <br> <h2><strong>Examples of Fish</strong></h2> <ol> <li>Tilapia</li> <li>Cat fish</li> <li>Carp</li> <li>Shark</li> <li>Mud fish</li> <li>Croaker</li> <li>Mackerel</li> <li>Dog fish, Nile perch, etc.</li> </ol>

<h1><strong>SYSTEMS/METHODS OF FISHERY</strong></h1> CONTENT <ol> <li>Systems of Fishery</li> </ol>   <h2><strong>Systems of Fishery</strong></h2> There are <strong>THREE </strong>major systems of fisheries in Nigeria. These are: <ol> <li>Small scale fisheries</li> <li>Large scale fisheries (industrial fisheries)</li> <li>Aquaculture</li> </ol>   <h3><strong>Small Scale Fisheries</strong></h3> This is commonly practiced by local fishermen who live in fishing camps along the banks of the rivers, ponds or streams or along the coast of the sea. Small scale fisheries are very important because between 50-90% of all the fish consumed in the country come from it. Some of the features of small scale fisheries include:

<h1><strong>PRESERVATION OF FISH</strong></h1> CONTENT <ol> <li>Meaning of Fish Preservation</li> <li>Methods of Fish Preservation</li> </ol> <h2><strong>Meaning of Fish Preservation</strong></h2> Fish preservation is the way of taking good care of fish after it has been captured in order to prevent it from going bad. Methods of preserving fish include the following: <h2><strong>Methods of Fish Preservation</strong></h2> <ol> <li>Sun drying: Removes water by evaporation and its cheap.</li>

<h1><strong>RISK FACTORS IN WATER AND FISH FARMING</strong></h1> CONTENT <ol> <li>Risk Factors in Water and Fish Farming</li> <li>Fishing Tools</li> </ol>   <h2><strong>Risk Factors in Water and Fish Farming</strong></h2> These have to do with factors that are capable of causing water pollution and danger to fish and other aquatic organisms. Some of the risk factors in water and fish farming include: <h3>1. <strong>Use of chemicals</strong></h3> When residues of these chemicals used by farmers in farming activities are washed by rain water into a nearby river, stream, pond etc. that body of water will be contaminated and the lives of the fish in such water body will be at risk.

<h1><strong>RISK FACTORS IN WATER AND FISH FARMING</strong></h1> CONTENT <ol> <li>Risk Factors in Water and Fish Farming</li> <li>Fishing Tools</li> </ol>   <h2><strong>Risk Factors in Water and Fish Farming</strong></h2> These have to do with factors that are capable of causing water pollution and danger to fish and other aquatic organisms. Some of the risk factors in water and fish farming include: <h3>1. <strong>Use of chemicals</strong></h3> When residues of these chemicals used by farmers in farming activities are washed by rain water into a nearby river, stream, pond etc. that body of water will be contaminated and the lives of the fish in such water body will be at risk. <h3>2.<strong> Discharge of petroleum oil into water bodies</strong></h3> Accidental or deliberate discharge of petroleum oil into water bodies can be a major risk factor in marine ecosystem <h3>3. <strong>Industrial effluents and sewage discharge </strong></h3> Industrial effluents discharged from food processing plants, paper mills, breweries, tanneries etc. into small and large water bodies can pollute the fish environment and have negative impact on aquatic ecosystem. <h3>4. <strong>Domestic waste</strong></h3> Waste water resulting from domestic sewage (human faeces and urine, small washing, food processing or preparation and cleaning of utensils) that are in most cases channeled into water bodies can cause depletion of oxygen   <h2><strong>Fishing Tools</strong></h2> The fishermen used different types of fishing in Nigeria. The most common ones among others are: <ol> <li>Hooks and Lines or Rod and Line</li> <li>Nets (Cast and Throw Nets, Gill Nets, Seine Nets, Lift Nets, scooping net, clap net)</li> <li>Spears (Harpoons)</li> <li>Gourds</li> <li>Fishing Cages</li> <li>Baskets</li> <li>Pots</li> <li>Fishing spears</li> <li>Fishing trap</li> </ol>   <strong>EVALUATION</strong> 1. Explain the following risk factors in water and fish farming. (i) Accidental discharge of petroleum oil into water bodies. (ii) Use of chemicals such as Gamalin 20 to harvest fish.

<h1><strong>FOREST RESOURCES AND THEIR USES</strong></h1> CONTENT <ol> <li>Forest Resources</li> <li>Examples of Resources Found in the Forest</li> <li>Forest Resources and their Uses</li> </ol> <h2><strong>Forest Resources</strong></h2> There are numbers of useful materials which are derived from the forest. The usefulness of each is determined by the culture, taste, environment and the level of social and industrial development the following are some examples of resources found in the forest: <h2><strong>Examples of Resources Found in the Forest</strong></h2> The following resources can be found in the forest: