JSS1 Basic Technology Objective Questions

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Holding Devices; Cutting and Pairing Tools

Complexity: Standard

<h1>HOLDING DEVICES, CUTTING AND PAIRING TOOLS</h1> <p>CONTENT</p> <ol> <li>Holding Devices</li> <li>Cutting and Paring Tools</li> </ol> <p> </p> <h2>Holding Devices</h2> <p>Woodworking holding devices are the tools used to hold the work piece on the workbench. Woodworkers work on workbenches. It is on these benches that various woodwork constructions are carried out. The centre of the bench is usually lower than its two sides. This area is called a ‘well’ and its function is to accommodate the tools brought from the tool cupboard to the bench top during operations. The tools cannot fall or roll on to the floor or on anyone’s feet because this part is lower than other area of the bench.</p> <p>The fittings are:</p> <h3>1. Bench Vice</h3> <p>It is also called fitter’s vice. It is used to clamp or to hold jobs when the following operations are to be carried out on the bench, filling, bending, tapping, cutting, assembling parts, etc.</p> <p><img class="size-full wp-image-36664 aligncenter" src="https://classhall.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/bench-vice.jpg" alt="Holding Devices; Cutting and Pairing Tools - Bench vice" width="274" height="192" /></p> <p>Other types of vice are:</p> <h4>Hand Vice</h4> <p>It is used for holding work when performing operations such as drilling, riveting, etc.</p> <p><img class="size-full wp-image-36665 aligncenter" src="https://classhall.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/hand-vice.jpg" alt="Holding Devices; Cutting and Pairing Tools - Hand vice" width="229" height="192" /></p> <h4>Machine Vice</h4> <p>It is fixed to the table of any machine tool.</p> <h4>The Care of the Vice</h4> <ol> <li>Always keep the vice clean.</li> <li>The thread or the screw inside the vice should be oiled regularly.</li> <li>Do not use the vice as an anvil for hammering a job</li> <li>Always use hand force only to tighten the vice for holding the work piece.</li> </ol> <h3>2. Bench Stop</h3>

Properties of Materials: Properties of Wood

Length: 0 minutesComplexity: Standard

Unfortunately we could not locate the table you're looking for.<h1>PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS - WOOD</h1> <p>CONTENT</p> <ol> <li>Definition of Materials</li> <li>The Definition of Wood</li> <li>Identification of Wood</li> <li>Classification and Properties of Wood</li> <li>Differences in the Properties of Hardwood and Softwood</li> <li>Properties of Materials and Identification of Wood, Timber, Structure of Wood</li> <li>The Growth of Timber and Wood Structure</li> <li>Five Main Parts Cross Section, Classes and Properties</li> </ol> <p> </p> <h2>Definition of Materials</h2> <p>Materials are substances from which other things can be made. Basically, they can be classified into two: metallic and non-metallic. Furthermore, the metallic ones can be subdivided into ferrous and non-ferrous metals, while the non-metallic ones can be divided into natural and synthetic materials.</p> <p><img class="size-full wp-image-19706 aligncenter" src="https://classhall.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/properties-of-materials.jpg" alt="Properties of materials" width="600" height="175" /></p> <p> </p> <h2>The Definition of Wood</h2> <p>One of the materials that is supplied by nature is wood. Wood is commonly used in some engineering manufacture because it is light, strong and can be worked upon easily.</p> <p>Wood is a material obtained from trees. It is made up of cellulose and lignin each consisting of 60% and 28% respectively.</p> <p> </p> <h2>Identification of Wood</h2> <p>Generally, wood has very good combination of colours to give it high decorative value. This makes it possible to identify some woods by their colour. Examples are:</p> <p></p>

Marking Out Tools, Measuring Tools and Gauge

Complexity: Standard

<h1>MARKING OUT TOOLS, MEASURING TOOLS, AND GAUGE</h1> <p>CONTENT</p> <ol> <li>Marking Out Tools</li> <li>Measuring Tools and Gauge</li> </ol> <p> </p> <h2>Marking Out Tools</h2> <p>These are hand tools used for marking out the required shapes of a particular metal from the sheet metal before cutting in the metal workshop. Examples are:</p> <h3>(i) Surface plate</h3> <p>This is used for checking the alignment and flatness of the object.</p> <h3>(ii) Surface table</h3> <p>This is used for marking out large objects, for checking accuracy, for height alignment and checking parallelism.</p> <p><img class="size-full wp-image-36693 aligncenter" src="https://classhall.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/surface-plate-surface-table.jpg" alt="Marking Out Tools, Measuring Tools Driving Tools and Cutting Tools - Surface plate - Surface table" width="498" height="179" /></p> <h3>(iii) Scriber</h3> <p>This is used for marking out straight lines on metals in conjunction with other marking out tools.</p> <h3>(iv) Centre punch</h3> <p>This is used to locate the centre of a hole to be drilled.</p> <p><img class="size-full wp-image-36694 aligncenter" src="https://classhall.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/scriber-and-centre-punch.jpg" alt="Marking Out Tools, Measuring Tools Driving Tools and Cutting Tools - Surface plate - Scriber - Centre punch" width="410" height="195" /></p> <h3>(v) Dot punch</h3>

Properties of Ceramics; Properties of Glass

Length: 0 minutesComplexity: Standard

<h1>PROPERTIES OF CERAMICS; PROPERTIES OF GLASS</h1> <p>CONTENT</p> <p>Properties of Ceramics</p> <ol> <li>Definition of Ceramics</li> <li>Classification of Ceramic Materials</li> <li>Properties of Ceramics</li> </ol> <p>Properties of Glass</p> <ol> <li>Definition of Glass</li> <li>Properties of Glass</li> <li>Uses of Glass</li> </ol> <p> </p> <h2>Properties of Ceramics</h2> <h3>Definition of Ceramics</h3> <p>Clay exists naturally in many parts of the world. When it is wet, it can easily be molded into different shapes and sizes. We use clay to mould various objects like storage pots, cooking pots and dishes.</p> <p>We use mud to construct support for cooking pots, to build houses and also to make bricks for building houses. We make cement blocks that we use for building houses by mixing sand and cement to get typical shape. All the above solid objects made from clay, mud or cement are called ceramics.</p> <p>Ceramics break easily when dropped. We say they are brittle; this differentiates ceramics from metals, plastics, wood and rubber. Ceramics are less dense than most metals. They have high melting points.</p> <p>They are a very large group and have very wide uses such as:</p> <ol> <li>Refractory ceramics (high temperature bricks) for furnaces and flue linings.</li> <li>Tiles, such as roof tiles, glazed and unglazed floor and wall tiles, including white tiles.</li> <li>Sanitary fittings of all kinds usually known as white ware</li> <li>Common brick to high grade engineering brick used for the construction of machinery bases. Basically, they are of:</li> </ol> <p style="padding-left: 40px">(a) Structural clay products, including common bricks and sewer bricks. These products are dried and fired for strength after being made from a mixture of clay and shale.</p>

Driving Tools and Cutting Tools

Complexity: Standard

<h1>DRIVING TOOLS AND CUTTING TOOLS</h1> <p>CONTENT</p> <ol> <li>Driving Tools</li> <li>Cutting Tools</li> </ol> <p> </p> <h2>Driving Tools</h2> <h3>Definition of Driving Tools</h3> <p>Driving tools are tools used for pushing in nails, screws into position. Examples are:</p> <h3>1. Hammers</h3> <p>Hammers have two distinct parts, the handle and the head. While the handle can be made of wood or metallic material, the head is always made of high carbon steel. The hammer is classified according to the type of head, hence we have:</p> <p>Ball peen, straight peen, cross peen and planishing hammer.</p> <p><img class="size-full wp-image-36657 aligncenter" src="https://classhall.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/driving-tools.jpg" alt="Driving tools - Hammers" width="330" height="318" /></p> <h3>2. Mallets</h3> <p>This is a soft hammer whose head is made of soft material like synthetic rubber to prevent the head from damaging the surface of the work piece.</p> <p><img class="size-full wp-image-36658 aligncenter" src="https://classhall.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/mallets.jpg" alt="Driving tools - mallets" width="442" height="197" /></p> <h3>3. Punches</h3> <p>These are used for producing holes on thin sheets of metal, to mark holes for drilling and to remove rivet. Examples are centre or dot punch, and pin punch for marking drill points.</p> <p><img class="size-full wp-image-36703 aligncenter" src="https://classhall.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/punches.jpg" alt="Driving tools - Punches" width="260" height="164" /></p>

Building Materials

Length: 0 minutesComplexity: Standard

<h1>BUILDING MATERIALS</h1> <p>CONTENT</p> <ol> <li>Definition of Building</li> <li>Common Building Materials</li> <li>Identification of Buildings by Materials</li> <li>Uses of Building Materials</li> <li>Uses of Buildings</li> <li>Types of Buildings</li> </ol> <p> </p> <h2>Definition of Building</h2> <p>A building is a structure which is designed by the architects or draughtsman and built for the purpose of providing shelter for human beings. Building materials are the materials used to construct buildings and other structures.</p> <p> </p> <h2>Common Building Materials </h2> <p>The following are the common building materials:</p> <p>(i) Cement (ii) Sand (iii) Gravel (iv) Metal (v) Plastics (vi) Wood (vii) Glass (viii) Leaves (ix) Ceramics (x) Grass, etc.</p> <p><img class="size-full wp-image-19727 aligncenter" src="https://classhall.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/building-materials.jpg" alt="Building materials" width="368" height="259" /></p> <p style="text-align: center"><strong>Building Materials</strong></p> <p> </p> <h2>Identification of Buildings by Materials</h2> <p>Buildings are identified by the types of materials with which they are erected. They are:</p> <ol> <li><strong>Mud Buildings:</strong> These are erected with loamy or clayed soil which has been properly treated to plastic nature.</li> <li><strong>Brick Building: </strong>Bricks are molded from dried mortar (a mixture of cement, sand and lime and at times clay burnt in a kiln. There two types of Brick Building:</li> </ol> <p style="padding-left: 40px">(i) The Sun dried bricks (ii) The fire burnt bricks (Red bricks)</p> <ol start="3">

Maintenance of Tools and Machines

Complexity: Standard

<h1><strong>CARE AND MAINTENANCE OF METAL WORK TOOLS</strong></h1> CONTENT <ol> <li>Care of Files</li> <li>Care of Hacksaw</li> <li>Care of Boring Tools</li> <li>Concept of and Need for Maintenance</li> <li>Types of Maintenance</li> </ol>   <h2><strong>Care of Files</strong></h2> (i) A file cuts the metal during the forward stroke; therefore pressure on the file should be released during the return stroke. (ii) A new file should be used for soft metals such as brass, zinc, or copper. It should not be used for filing welded joints or surface of casting. (iii) A file must not be used without a handle because it is dangerous. Make sure the handle is firmly secured. (iv) The file should be cleaned regularly with a wire brush or file card to remove iron filing embedded in the teeth of the file and enable the file to cut better. <h2><strong>Care of Hacksaw</strong></h2> (i) Ensure the jobs are rigidly clamped to the vice. (ii) The blade should be fixed so that the teeth are pointing away from the handle. (iii) Tension the blade by the tensioning wing-nut making sure that the tension is right. Incorrect tension will lead to breakage of the blade. (iv) For solid copper or brass, use coarse blade about 14 to 18 teeth per 25mm for sheet metal and thin strip use teeth per 25mm. (v) Use moderate speed in cutting, about 40 to 60 strokes per minute. (vi) Use as much length of the blade as possible. <h2><strong>Care of Boring Tools</strong></h2>

The Importance of Maintenance

Complexity: Standard

<h1><strong>IMPORTANCE OF MAINTENANCE </strong></h1> CONTENT <ol> <li>Importance of Maintenance</li> <li>Need for Maintenance of Tools, Equipment and Machines</li> </ol>   <h2><strong>Importance of Maintenance</strong></h2> Maintenance is the work done to keep or restore equipment to an acceptable working standard at a minimum cost. To avoid breakdown, an organization or individual should formulate an appropriate maintenance policy or plan. Maintenance is important so as to save cost and time that may be required for the installation of new equipment to replace the damaged ones. It is also necessary to prevent disappointment and loss of precious opportunities. <h2><strong>Need for Maintenance of Tools, Equipment and Machines</strong></h2> We need to maintain our tools and machine for the following reasons:

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