<h1><strong>DEPARTMENTS IN AN OFFICE/ORGANIZATION AND THEIR FUNCTIONS</strong></h1> CONTENT <ol> <li>Kind of Offices in an Organization</li> <li>Meaning of Department</li> <li>Various Departments and their Duties in an Organization</li> </ol>   <strong>Kind of Offices in an Organization</strong> There are generally two kinds of offices in an organization. These are general office and departmental office. <ol> <li><strong>General Office</strong>: This office deals with all the activities in the day to day running of the organization. The Administrative Manager is the head of this office. His responsibility is to coordinate the various activities of other offices. He controls the office workers, employs and deploys them to the department where their services are needed.</li> <li><strong>Departmental Office</strong>: Departmental offices are set up as supporting unit to assist the department in performing their day to day clerical activities. In each departmental office, there are departmental heads that controls the works of the subordinate.</li> </ol> <strong>EVALUATION</strong> <ol> <li>How many kinds of offices are there in an organization?</li> <li>Explain the duties of each of these offices.</li>

<h1><strong>INTRODUCTION TO COMMERCE</strong></h1> CONTENT <ol> <li>Meaning and Importance of Commerce</li> <li>Activities which Aid Commerce</li> </ol> <h2></h2> <h2><strong>Definition of Commerce</strong></h2> Commerce is the study of trade and aids to trade. It is concerned with the exchange of goods and services and the agencies that facilitate the exchanges. <h2><strong>Branches of Commerce</strong></h2> There are two <a href="https://classhall.com/lesson/divisions-of-commerce/">branches of commerce</a>: Trade and Aids to Trade. Trade refers to the act of buying and selling of goods and services. Aids to trade refer to the other activities that help facilitate trade. <img class="aligncenter wp-image-15732 size-full" src="https://classhall.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/scope-of-commerce.jpg" alt="Introduction to commerce - Branches of commerce" width="587" height="277" /> <p style="text-align: center;"><strong>The Branches of Commerce</strong></p>

<h1><strong>DIVISIONS OF COMMERCE</strong></h1> CONTENT <ol> <li>Classification of commerce into divisions</li> <li>Types of Trade: Home Trade; Foreign Trade</li> </ol> <h2></h2> <h2><strong>Classification of Commerce/Divisions of Commerce</strong></h2> <p style="text-align: center;"><img class="wp-image-15732 size-full aligncenter" src="https://classhall.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/scope-of-commerce.jpg" alt="Divisions of commerce - branches of commerce" width="587" height="277" /><strong>Divisions of Commerce</strong></p>   <h2><strong>Trade</strong></h2> <h3><strong>The Meaning of Trade</strong></h3> Trade could be defined as the exchange or buying and selling of goods and services. <h3><strong>Divisions of Trade</strong></h3> Trade is basically divided into two, namely; Home Trade and Foreign Trade.

<h1><strong>MEANING AND FORMS OF PRODUCTION </strong></h1> CONTENT <ol> <li>Meaning of Production</li> <li>Forms of Production/Types of Production</li> <li>Positive Effects of Production on the Environment/Society</li> <li>Negative Effects of Production on the Environment/Society</li> </ol> <h2></h2> <h2><strong>Meaning of Production</strong></h2> Production may be defined as any human activity that involves the making of physical goods and provision of services for the satisfaction of human wants. It is also seen as creation of utilities, utility means the ability of goods and services to satisfy human wants. In a nutshell, Production is any activity which gives services or changes the form, place or time of anything that is used to satisfy human needs. <h2><strong>Forms of Production/Types of Production </strong></h2> There are three forms of production namely: primary production (extractive industry), secondary production (manufacturing and constructive industry) Tertiary production (commercial and direct services). <h3><strong>Primary Production (Extractive Industry)</strong></h3> This type of production involves digging of raw materials or tapping and harnessing of natural resources from the land, sea and atmosphere. It includes farming, fishing, hunting, mining, quarrying, oil drilling etc. This form of production is referred to as primary production.

<h1><strong>THE FACTORS OF PRODUCTION</strong></h1> <ol> <li>Meaning of Factors of Production</li> <li>The Factors of Production</li> </ol>   <h2><strong>Meaning of Factors of Production</strong></h2> The term factor of production is defined as all the visible and invisible resources that are combined together for the purpose of production of goods and services. There are four factors of production, namely, land, labour, capital and entrepreneur or organisation. <strong>The Factors of Production</strong> The following are the factors of production without which production will be impossible: (a) <strong>Land:</strong> Land refers to gift of nature or all the natural resources available, applied and used for production without the help of a man. It includes the fixed natural land and other natural resources such as water, forest, mineral deposits etc. The reward for land is rent.