JSS1 Basic Science

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Environmental Pollution: Water Pollution

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<h1><strong>ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION - WATER POLLUTION </strong></h1> CONTENT <ol> <li>Definition of Pollution</li> <li>Types of Pollution</li> <li>Water Pollution</li> <li>Causes of Water Pollution</li> <li>Consequences/Effects of Water Pollution</li> <li>Control Measures of Water Pollution</li> </ol> <br> <h2><strong>Definition of Pollution</strong></h2> The discharge of waste substances into the environment in quantities that are harmful to human beings is known as <strong>pollution</strong>. The materials and energy that cause pollution are called <strong>pollutants</strong>. Examples of pollutants are Acids, Soaps and Detergents, Alcohol, Oils, Chemical compounds such as Lead, Sulphide, fertilizers, herbicides, refuse and sewage etc. making the environment undesirable, unpleasant, threatening the health and existence of living organisms including humans. <h2><strong>Types of Pollution</strong></h2> There are mainly three types of pollution namely: (i) Water pollution; (ii) Air pollution; (iii) Land or Soil pollution   <h3><strong>Water Pollution</strong></h3>

The Earth in Space

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<h1><strong>THE EARTH IN SPACE</strong></h1> CONTENT <ol> <li>The Solar System</li> <li>The Eight Planets</li> <li>Earth's Rotation and Revolution</li> <li>Eclipse of the Sun and the Moon</li> </ol>   <h2><strong>The Solar System</strong></h2> The planet earth, on which we live, is moving through space all the time. It is going round the sun. In doing this it carries us all through space. The earth travels through the space but we do not realize this because the air around the earth is carried along with it. The sun together with all the bodies which revolves round it makes up the solar system. The solar system consists of the sun, eight planets and their moons along with dwarf planets, comets and asteroids which revolve round the sun. The solar system is divided into inner and outer parts. The inner part contains the Sun, Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars while the outer part contains Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. The two parts are demarcated by asteroid belt.

Air Pollution

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<h1><strong>AIR POLLUTION</strong></h1> CONTENT <ol> <li>Definition of Air Pollution</li> <li>Air Polluntants</li> <li>Sources of Air Pollution</li> <li>Consequences of Air Pollution</li> <li>Control Measures of Air Pollution</li> </ol>   <h2><strong>Definition of Air Pollution </strong></h2> Air pollution is the discharge of harmful waste substances which contaminate the atmosphere. Air pollutants can be solids, liquids or gases. <p style="text-align: center;"><img class="size-full wp-image-19620 aligncenter" src="https://classhall.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/air-pollution.jpg" alt="air pollution" width="252" height="181" /><strong>Air Pollution</strong></p> Air pollution is a serious problem in many parts of the world. Smokestacks pump pollution into the air, harming the environment and making it harder to breathe.

Space Travel

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<h1><strong>SPACE TRAVEL </strong></h1> CONTENT <ol> <li>Meaning of Space Travel</li> <li>Purpose/Advantages of Space Travel</li> <li>Dangers of Space Travel</li> </ol> <p style="text-align: center;"><img class="size-full wp-image-36596 aligncenter" src="https://classhall.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/space-travel-Yuri-Gagarin.jpg" alt="Space Travel - Yuri Gagarin" width="218" height="194" /><strong>Yuri Gagarin</strong></p> <span style="color: #008000;">On April 12, 1961, the Russian cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin blasted into orbit. He was the first person in space and completed an orbit of the Earth before landing. This photograph was taken just before lift-off.</span> <h2><strong>Meaning of Space Travel</strong></h2> Space travel is traveling from the earth to outer space. Space is the environment surrounding the earth, moon and other planets. Human beings are able to go to space and spend days and months using a space rocket called space shuttle. Space travels are expensive to run. <p style="text-align: left;">On 21st July, 1969 Neil Armstrong an American was the first person to step on the moon. He was followed by Edwin Aldrin, also 2 other Americans, Eugene Cernan and Harrison Schmitt who stayed for about 74 hours and 59 minutes on the moon surface. <img class="size-full wp-image-36597 aligncenter" src="https://classhall.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/space-travel.jpg" alt="Space travel" width="303" height="215" /><strong>Space Travel</strong></p> <span style="color: #008000;">For hundreds of years, people dreamed about traveling to outer space. The invention of huge rockets made space travel a reality. An astronaut first went into space in 1961 (A Russian, Major Yuri Gagarin). Only eight years later, astronauts landed on the Moon. Since then, people have continued to explore space.</span> <p style="text-align: center;"><img class="size-full wp-image-36598 aligncenter" src="https://classhall.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/rocketing-to-space.jpg" alt="Space travel - Rocketing to space" width="297" height="306" /><strong>Rocketing to Space</strong></p>

Land or Soil Pollution

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<h1><strong>LAND/SOIL POLLUTION</strong></h1> CONTENT <ol> <li>Definition of Land or Soil Pollution</li> <li>Causes of Land/Soil pollution</li> <li>Effects of Land or Soil Pollution</li> <li>Control of Land/Soil Pollution</li> </ol>   <h2>Definition of Land or Soil Pollution<strong> </strong></h2> Land/soil pollution is the release of refuse and untreated wastes from agricultural and domestic activities and are exposed or dumped on the soil. <h2><strong>Causes of Land/Soil pollution</strong></h2> Causes of land/soil pollution are human activities that can release land/soil pollutants such as: (i) Agricultural activities which releases fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides and animal dung. (ii) Oil spills from refineries and industries. (iii) Illegal dumping of waste refuse and chemicals. (iv) Indiscriminate disposal of domestic waste products on the soil. <h2><strong>Effects of Land or Soil Pollution </strong></h2> Effects of land or soil pollution include the following:

Satellites

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<h1><strong>SATELLITES</strong></h1> CONTENT <ol> <li>Meaning of Satellite</li> <li>Types of Satellites</li> <li>Uses of Satellites</li> </ol>   <h2><strong>Meaning of Satellite </strong></h2> A satellite is a natural body that revolves round the earth or another planet. As we have learned earlier, the earth has one satellite which is the moon. Scientist have launched artificial satellites (like space shuttle, rockets etc) into space to carry out experiments, collect information and learn more about other space. <h2><strong>Types of Satellites</strong></h2> The types of satellites include the following: <ol> <li>Communications satellites</li> <li>Weather satellites</li> <li>Navigation satellites</li> <li>Surveillance satellites</li> <li>Scientific satellites</li> </ol> <img class="size-full wp-image-36602 aligncenter" src="https://classhall.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/communications-satellite.jpg" alt="Satellites - Types of Satellites - Communications Satellites" width="320" height="195" /> <h3><strong>Communications Satellites</strong></h3>

Living Things

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<h1><strong>INTRODUCTION TO LIVING THINGS </strong></h1> CONTENT <ol> <li>Meaning of Living Things</li> <li>Characteristics of Living Things</li> <li>Classification of Living Things</li> <li>Photosynthesis</li> <li>Differences between Plants and Animals</li> <li>Similarities between Plants and Animals</li> <li>Uses of Plants and Animals</li> </ol>   <h2><strong>Meaning of Living Things</strong></h2> Living things are things that have life and can carry out all characteristics of life. <img class="size-full wp-image-32416 aligncenter" src="https://classhall.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/living-things.jpg" alt="Living Things" width="400" height="198" /> <h2><strong>Characteristics of Living Things</strong></h2> These are activities living things can perform such as: <strong>(MR NIGERCLAD)</strong> <ol> <li><strong>Movement</strong>: Movement is a change in position. Animals move from place to place. Plant only moves in stationary state towards light, water, etc.</li> <li><strong>Respiration</strong>: This is the taking in of oxygen to release energy as a result of breakdown of food in the body.</li>

Non-living Things: Matter

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<h1><strong>NON-LIVING THINGS - MATTER</strong></h1> CONTENT <ol> <li>The Meaning of Matter</li> <li>Identification of Matter</li> <li>States of Matter</li> <li>Change of State of Matter</li> </ol>   <h2><strong>Meaning of Matter</strong></h2> Matter is anything in nature that has mass and occupies space. Stone, paper, plant, animal, air, water, rubber etc. are made up of matter. Matter is made up of small particles called atoms. <p style="text-align: center;"><img class="size-full wp-image-32420 aligncenter" src="https://classhall.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/non-living-things-matter.jpg" alt="Non living things - Matter" width="448" height="201" /><strong>Water Droplets</strong></p> <p style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #008000;">Water droplets are made of water molecules that bond together.</span></p> <h2><strong>Identification of Matter</strong></h2> Matter is classified into solid, liquid, and gas. All living and non-living things are made up of matter. It means that everything that you can see, touch, smell, breathe or eat is made up of matter. Matter can be classified as living and non-living matter. Can you mention some living and non-living matter around you? <h2><strong>States of Matter </strong></h2> The three states of matter are Solid, Liquid and Gas. Hence, we have solid state, liquid state and gaseous state. Matter can be classified into the following groups:

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