JSS1 Basic Science

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Air Pollution

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<h1><strong>AIR POLLUTION</strong></h1> CONTENT <ol> <li>Definition of Air Pollution</li> <li>Air Polluntants</li> <li>Sources of Air Pollution</li> <li>Consequences of Air Pollution</li> <li>Control Measures of Air Pollution</li> </ol>   <h2><strong>Definition of Air Pollution </strong></h2> Air pollution is the discharge of harmful waste substances which contaminate the atmosphere. Air pollutants can be solids, liquids or gases. <p style="text-align: center;"><img class="size-full wp-image-19620 aligncenter" src="https://classhall.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/air-pollution.jpg" alt="air pollution" width="252" height="181" /><strong>Air Pollution</strong></p> Air pollution is a serious problem in many parts of the world. Smokestacks pump pollution into the air, harming the environment and making it harder to breathe.

Space Travel

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<h1><strong>SPACE TRAVEL </strong></h1> CONTENT <ol> <li>Meaning of Space Travel</li> <li>Purpose/Advantages of Space Travel</li> <li>Dangers of Space Travel</li> </ol> <p style="text-align: center;"><img class="size-full wp-image-36596 aligncenter" src="https://classhall.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/space-travel-Yuri-Gagarin.jpg" alt="Space Travel - Yuri Gagarin" width="218" height="194" /><strong>Yuri Gagarin</strong></p> <span style="color: #008000;">On April 12, 1961, the Russian cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin blasted into orbit. He was the first person in space and completed an orbit of the Earth before landing. This photograph was taken just before lift-off.</span> <h2><strong>Meaning of Space Travel</strong></h2> Space travel is traveling from the earth to outer space. Space is the environment surrounding the earth, moon and other planets. Human beings are able to go to space and spend days and months using a space rocket called space shuttle. Space travels are expensive to run. <p style="text-align: left;">On 21st July, 1969 Neil Armstrong an American was the first person to step on the moon. He was followed by Edwin Aldrin, also 2 other Americans, Eugene Cernan and Harrison Schmitt who stayed for about 74 hours and 59 minutes on the moon surface. <img class="size-full wp-image-36597 aligncenter" src="https://classhall.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/space-travel.jpg" alt="Space travel" width="303" height="215" /><strong>Space Travel</strong></p> <span style="color: #008000;">For hundreds of years, people dreamed about traveling to outer space. The invention of huge rockets made space travel a reality. An astronaut first went into space in 1961 (A Russian, Major Yuri Gagarin). Only eight years later, astronauts landed on the Moon. Since then, people have continued to explore space.</span> <p style="text-align: center;"><img class="size-full wp-image-36598 aligncenter" src="https://classhall.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/rocketing-to-space.jpg" alt="Space travel - Rocketing to space" width="297" height="306" /><strong>Rocketing to Space</strong></p>

Land or Soil Pollution

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<h1><strong>LAND/SOIL POLLUTION</strong></h1> CONTENT <ol> <li>Definition of Land or Soil Pollution</li> <li>Causes of Land/Soil pollution</li> <li>Effects of Land or Soil Pollution</li> <li>Control of Land/Soil Pollution</li> </ol>   <h2>Definition of Land or Soil Pollution<strong> </strong></h2> Land/soil pollution is the release of refuse and untreated wastes from agricultural and domestic activities and are exposed or dumped on the soil. <h2><strong>Causes of Land/Soil pollution</strong></h2> Causes of land/soil pollution are human activities that can release land/soil pollutants such as: (i) Agricultural activities which releases fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides and animal dung. (ii) Oil spills from refineries and industries. (iii) Illegal dumping of waste refuse and chemicals. (iv) Indiscriminate disposal of domestic waste products on the soil. <h2><strong>Effects of Land or Soil Pollution </strong></h2> Effects of land or soil pollution include the following:

Satellites

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<h1><strong>SATELLITES</strong></h1> CONTENT <ol> <li>Meaning of Satellite</li> <li>Types of Satellites</li> <li>Uses of Satellites</li> </ol>   <h2><strong>Meaning of Satellite </strong></h2> A satellite is a natural body that revolves round the earth or another planet. As we have learned earlier, the earth has one satellite which is the moon. Scientist have launched artificial satellites (like space shuttle, rockets etc) into space to carry out experiments, collect information and learn more about other space. <h2><strong>Types of Satellites</strong></h2> The types of satellites include the following: <ol> <li>Communications satellites</li> <li>Weather satellites</li> <li>Navigation satellites</li> <li>Surveillance satellites</li> <li>Scientific satellites</li> </ol> <img class="size-full wp-image-36602 aligncenter" src="https://classhall.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/communications-satellite.jpg" alt="Satellites - Types of Satellites - Communications Satellites" width="320" height="195" /> <h3><strong>Communications Satellites</strong></h3>

Living Things

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<h1><strong>INTRODUCTION TO LIVING THINGS </strong></h1> CONTENT <ol> <li>Meaning of Living Things</li> <li>Characteristics of Living Things</li> <li>Classification of Living Things</li> <li>Photosynthesis</li> <li>Differences between Plants and Animals</li> <li>Similarities between Plants and Animals</li> <li>Uses of Plants and Animals</li> </ol>   <h2><strong>Meaning of Living Things</strong></h2> Living things are things that have life and can carry out all characteristics of life. <img class="size-full wp-image-32416 aligncenter" src="https://classhall.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/living-things.jpg" alt="Living Things" width="400" height="198" /> <h2><strong>Characteristics of Living Things</strong></h2> These are activities living things can perform such as: <strong>(MR NIGERCLAD)</strong> <ol> <li><strong>Movement</strong>: Movement is a change in position. Animals move from place to place. Plant only moves in stationary state towards light, water, etc.</li> <li><strong>Respiration</strong>: This is the taking in of oxygen to release energy as a result of breakdown of food in the body.</li>

Non-living Things: Matter

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<h1><strong>NON-LIVING THINGS - MATTER</strong></h1> CONTENT <ol> <li>The Meaning of Matter</li> <li>Identification of Matter</li> <li>States of Matter</li> <li>Change of State of Matter</li> </ol>   <h2><strong>Meaning of Matter</strong></h2> Matter is anything in nature that has mass and occupies space. Stone, paper, plant, animal, air, water, rubber etc. are made up of matter. Matter is made up of small particles called atoms. <p style="text-align: center;"><img class="size-full wp-image-32420 aligncenter" src="https://classhall.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/non-living-things-matter.jpg" alt="Non living things - Matter" width="448" height="201" /><strong>Water Droplets</strong></p> <p style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #008000;">Water droplets are made of water molecules that bond together.</span></p> <h2><strong>Identification of Matter</strong></h2> Matter is classified into solid, liquid, and gas. All living and non-living things are made up of matter. It means that everything that you can see, touch, smell, breathe or eat is made up of matter. Matter can be classified as living and non-living matter. Can you mention some living and non-living matter around you? <h2><strong>States of Matter </strong></h2> The three states of matter are Solid, Liquid and Gas. Hence, we have solid state, liquid state and gaseous state. Matter can be classified into the following groups:

Classification of Non-living Things: Metals and Non-metals

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<h1><strong>CLASSIFICATION OF NON LIVING THINGS</strong></h1> CONTENT <ol> <li>Classification of Non-living Things</li> <li>Metals - Properties and Uses of Metals</li> <li>Non-Metals - Properties and Uses of Non metals</li> </ol> <br> <h2><strong>Classification of Non-living Things</strong></h2> Non-living things in the environment can be grouped into metals and non-metal depending on their properties. <h2><strong>Metals</strong></h2> They are generally solids except for mercury, which exists in liquid state. Examples are copper, iron rod, empty cans, aluminum, silver, gold, lead etc. <img class="size-full wp-image-32424 aligncenter" src="https://classhall.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/metals-and-non-metals.jpg" alt="Classification of non living things - Metals and non metals" width="316" height="147" /> <p style="text-align: center;"><strong>Copper-Coated Pennies</strong></p> <span style="color: #008000;">Most coins used the United States contain copper. Pennies, <em>shown here,</em> are made of zinc with a thin coating of copper. They actually have less copper than other U.S. coins!</span> <h3><strong>Properties of Metals</strong></h3> The following are the properties of metals:

Energy: Meaning; Sources and Forms of Energy

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<h1><strong>MEANING, SOURCES AND FORMS OF ENERGY </strong></h1> CONTENT <ol> <li>Meaning of Energy</li> <li>Sources of Energy</li> <li>Forms of Energy</li> </ol>   <h2><strong>Meaning of Energy</strong></h2> Energy is the ability or capacity of the body to do work. Anything which possesses the ability to exert a force is having energy. Energy is a measure of the ability to do work and is absolutely necessary for everything including life itself. For example, if an object is moved from one point to another, work has been done. Work requires the use of energy. It is the energy that enables us to do work. <h2><strong>Sources of Energy</strong></h2> Energy is gotten from the following sources:

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