<h1><strong>COSTUME AND MAKE-UP IN DRAMA</strong></h1> CONTENT <ol> <li>Meaning of Costumes</li> <li>Meaning of Make-up</li> <li>Basic Types of Make-up</li> <li>Uses of Make-up and Costume in Drama</li> <li>Making Up in Drama</li> </ol>   <h2><strong>Meaning of Costumes</strong></h2> Costumes are clothes and accessories e.g. cap, jewelry, beads necklaces, shoes and bags etc. worn by actors and actresses in a drama presentation. <br> <h2><strong>Meaning of Make-up</strong></h2> It is the colorful substance e.g. powder/paints used especially by women to make their faces look more attractive. Costume involves clothing and accessories while make-up involves all that is done to the body. <h2><strong>Types of Make-up</strong></h2>

<h1><strong>DRAMATISTS/PLAYWRIGHTS</strong></h1> CONTENT <ol> <li>Meaning of Dramatist/Playwright</li> <li>Categories of Dramatists/Playwright</li> </ol>   <h2><strong>Meaning of Dramatist/Playwright</strong></h2> Dramatists/playwrights are the people that write plays. They are writers of plays/drama for stage, television, or radio presentation. <h2><strong>Categories of Dramatists/Playwright</strong></h2> The three (3) categories Dramatists namely: <ol> <li>Classical/universal dramatists.</li> <li>Modern dramatists.</li> <li>Contemporary dramatists.</li> </ol> <h3><strong>Classical or Universal Dramatists</strong></h3> These are the ancient Greek Dramatists. Aeschylus, Sophocles, Aristophanes and Euripides are the founding fathers of drama as we know it today. Their established form of drama is the <strong>authority </strong>that is still followed.

<h1><strong>DANCE </strong></h1> CONTENT <ol> <li>Definition and Meaning of Dance</li> <li>Uses of Dance</li> <li>Meaning of Choreography</li> <li>Principles of Choreography</li> <li>Meaning of Choreographer</li> <li>Meaning of Contemporary Dance</li> <li>Features of Contemporary Dance</li> </ol> <br> <h2><strong>Definition and Meaning of Dance</strong></h2> Dance is the rhythmic movement of the human body in space and time to make statements. <br> <h2><strong>Uses of Dance</strong></h2> Dance is useful in the following ways: <ol> <li>It is a means of communication.</li> <li>It is a medium of expression of oneself and idea.</li> <li>Many have made careers out of dance.</li> <li>It is an excellent confidence booster, especially for shy people.</li> <li>Ballet uses music and dance to tell stories.</li> <li>Dance therapy helps to improve the mental and physical well-being of a person.</li> </ol> <br> <h2><strong>Meaning of Choreography</strong></h2> Choreography is the art of composing or creating dances. It shows the movements and patterns of dance composition. It is the planning of movement for dancing. The steps and movement planned for a dance which may be written or improvised. <br> <h2><strong>Principles of Choreography</strong></h2> All choreography regardless of genre is based on the following principles: (i)<strong> Dynamics</strong>: This deals with how it moves, time (fast/slow), weight (strong/gentle), space (direct/indirect), flow (bound/free), tempo (rhythm).

<h1><strong>TEAM WORK AND THE SENSE OF BELONGING</strong></h1> CONTENT <ol> <li>Definitions of Team Work</li> <li>Keys to Successful Team Work</li> <li>Sense of Belonging</li> <li>Importance of Team Work</li> <li>How to Achieve a Sense of Belonging</li> </ol>   <h2><strong>Definitions of Team Work</strong></h2> (i) Team work is a term used to describe a group of people that are working together to accomplish a specific goal or complete a project. (ii) Team work is “work done by several associates with each doing a part but all subordinating personal prominence to the efficiency of the whole”. (iii) Team work is the ability to work together towards a common vision. (iv) Team work is the ability to direct individual accomplishments toward organizational objectives. (v) Team work it is the fuel that allows common people to attain uncommon results. (vi) Team work is the process of working collaboratively with a good of people in order to achieve a goal. <h2><strong>Keys to Successful Team Work</strong></h2>

<h1><strong>WORK ETHICS</strong></h1> CONTENT <ol> <li>Definition of Work Ethics</li> <li>Characteristics of Good Work Ethics</li> <li>How to Inspire Others to Have Strong Good Work Ethics</li> <li>How to Develop Good Work Ethics</li> </ol>   <h2><strong>Definition of Work Ethics</strong></h2> Work ethics is a value based on hard work and diligence. Work ethics may include being reliable, having initiative, or pursuing new skills. <h2><strong>Characteristics of Good Work Ethics</strong></h2> The following are the characteristics of good work ethics: <ol> <li><strong>Reliability:</strong> It goes hand in hand with a good work ethic. If individual with a good ethic say they are going to attend a work function or arrive at a certain time, they do, as they value punctuality.</li> <li><strong>Dedication:</strong> Those with a good ethic are dedicated to their jobs and will do anything they can to ensure that they perform well.</li> <li>Productivity: Individuals with a good work ethic are often highly productive</li> <li><strong>Cooperation</strong>: Since workers recognize the usefulness of cooperative practices such as teamwork, they often put an extensive amount of effort into working well with others.</li> <li><strong>Character:</strong> Those with a good work ethic often also possess generally strong character. This means they are self-disciplined, pushing themselves to complete work tasks instead of requiring others to intervene.</li> </ol>   <h2><strong>How to Inspire Others to Have Strong and Good Work Ethics</strong></h2>

<h1><strong>FAKE AND ADULTERATED GOODS</strong></h1> CONTENT <ol> <li>Meaning of Fake and Adulterated Goods</li> <li>Goods Often Adulterated</li> <li>Reasons Why People Fake and Adulterate Goods</li> <li>How to Stop Sale of Fake and Adulterated Goods</li> <li>Government Agencies that Fight Production and Distribution of Fake and Adulterated Goods</li> </ol>   <h2><strong>Meaning of Fake and Adulterated Goods</strong></h2> This is a legal term meaning that a food product fails to meet federal or state standards. It is food that contains poisonous or deleterious substance which may render it injurious to health. It is when a product contains some particles, filthy or decomposed substance other than substances which genuinely form part of the original product. <br> <h2><strong>Goods Often Adulterated</strong></h2> <h3><strong>Medicine</strong></h3> <ol> <li>Zantel (worm expeller) tablet</li>

<h1><strong>DRAMA AND THEATRE</strong></h1> CONTENT <ol> <li>Origin of Drama and Theatre</li> <li>Introduction to Drama and Theatre</li> <li>Definitions of Drama</li> <li>Definitions/Meaning of Theatre</li> <li>People Involved in Drama</li> <li>Elements of Drama</li> </ol>   <h2><strong>Origin of Drama and Theatre (Mimesis, Ritual and Storytelling)</strong></h2> The origins of theatre have been traced to <strong>myth and rituals</strong> found in dances and mimed performances by masked dancers during fertility rites and other ceremonies that marked important passages in life. Early societies acted out patterns of life, death, and rebirth associated with the welfare of village tribes. Imitation, costumes, masks, makeup, gesture, dance, music, and pantomime were some of the theatrical elements found in early rituals. At some unrecorded time, these ceremonies and rituals became formalized in dramatic festivals and spread from Greece to the western world and from India to the eastern world. Some scholars claim that it may have originated from African primitive folklore, traditional customs, tales or saying, preserved orally among a people.

<h1><strong>FUNCTIONS OF DRAMA</strong></h1> CONTENT <ol> <li>Instructive Functions</li> <li>Educative Functions</li> <li>Informative Functions</li> <li>Entertainment Functions</li> <li>Therapeutic Functions</li> </ol>   The roles of drama ranges from instructive, educative, informative, entertaining, therapeutic, social and cultural to religious and political experiences. <h2><strong>Instructive Functions</strong></h2> <ol> <li>It enables us to learn about ourselves, our society and about life in general.</li> <li>It teaches us to reflect on life’s actions and experiences</li> <li>It exposes life’s actions and experiences through performances on stage.</li> <li>It encourages us to choose the good and discard the bad aspects of life.</li> </ol> <h2><strong>Educative Functions</strong></h2> <ol>

<h1><strong>TYPES OF DRAMA; FORMS OF DRAMA</strong></h1> CONTENT <ol> <li>Types of Drama</li> <li>Forms of Drama</li> <li>The Director</li> <li>Duties of the Play Directors</li> </ol>   <h2><strong>Types of Drama</strong></h2> There are two basic types of drama namely: <ol> <li>Scripted</li> <li>Non-scripted.</li> </ol> Scripted drama means a written play while non-scripted means an unwritten play. <br> <h2><strong>Forms of Drama</strong></h2> <ol> <li>Comedy</li> <li>Tragedy</li> <li>Mask Drama</li> <li>Dance Drama</li> <li>Musical Drama (Opera)</li> <li>Dramatized Drama</li> <li>Mime</li> </ol> <h3><strong>Comedy</strong></h3> This is a drama that is funny and humorous. Examples are “the new Masquerade”, Papa Ajasco” and “osofia in london” . <h3><strong>Tragedy</strong></h3> This is the opposite of comedy. This is a serious drama (play) with a sad theme. It involves a heroic struggle that ends sadly. Good examples are: dramatized versions of ‘<u>Things fall apart’</u> by Chinua Achebe and "T<u>he gods are not to blame"</u> by Ola Rotimi. <h3><strong>Mask Drama</strong></h3>