<h1><strong>VOLLEYBALL</strong></h1> CONTENT <ol> <li>Introduction to Volleyball</li> <li>History and Development of Volleyball</li> <li>Basic Skills and Techniques in Volleyball</li> <li>Rules and Regulations in Volleyball</li> <li>Officials of Volleyball and their Functions</li> <li>Facilities and Equipment (court and dimension) Used in Volleyball</li> <li>Common Injuries in Volleyball</li> <li>Values of Volleyball</li> </ol> <br> <h2><strong>Introduction to Volleyball</strong></h2> Volley ball was invented by William Morgan in America in the year 1895. The International Volleyball Association was formed in 1947. Volleyball became an Olympic game in 1964 and was first played at the Olympic Games in Tokyo, Japan. The Nigeria Volleyball Federation was formed in 1970 with Dr. J.C. Omoruwa as its first chairman. It is a game played between two teams of 6 players each. It can be played by both sexes. <br> <h2><strong>Basic Skills and Techniques in Volleyball</strong></h2> The following are basic skills and techniques in volley ball: <ol> <li>The service (under Arm, Tennis, overhead and windmill service).</li> <li>The volleying</li> <li>Digging</li> <li>Spiking</li> <li>Blocking</li> <li>Set-up</li> <li>Dink shot.</li> </ol> <img class="size-full wp-image-34045 aligncenter" src="https://classhall.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/basic-skills-and-techniques-in-volleyball.jpg" alt="Basic skills and techniques in volleyball" width="598" height="187" /> <br> <h2><strong>Rules and Regulations of Volleyball</strong></h2> The rules and regulations of volley ball include the following:

<h1><strong>BALL GAMES - SOCCER</strong></h1> CONTENT <ol> <li>History and Development of Soccer</li> <li>Basic Skills and Techniques in Soccer</li> <li>Rules and Regulations of Soccer</li> <li>Officials and Regulations of Soccer</li> <li>Facilities and Equipment Used in Soccer</li> <li>Common Injuries in Soccer</li> <li>Values of Soccer</li> </ol> <br> <h2><strong>History and Development of Soccer</strong></h2> The true origin of soccer is difficult to determine but soccer otherwise known as football could be linked to the Greeks and Romans. The game was later brought to England by the Romans Soldiers. In 1863, the London Football Association established the first set of rules of the game. The English called it “Association Football”, while the Americans called it “soccer”. The Nigeria Football Association (N.F.A) was established in 1945. The body responsible for the rules of the game, is F.I.F.A, that is, the Federation of International football Association. It was founded in 1904 in Zurich, Switzerland. Soccer is an international game played by 2 teams of 11 players aside. Substitutes of 7-11 players are allowed depending on the governing body but in an international competition or championship maximum of three players are allowed as substitutes. A player can play the ball with any part of the body except the hand and arms. However, this does not apply to the goal keeper. It is started with a “kick off” in the centre circle of a rectangular field having goal areas, penalty areas, corner areas, and the goal posts. <img class="size-full wp-image-34047 aligncenter" src="https://classhall.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/ball-games-soccer.jpg" alt="Ball games - soccer" width="557" height="225" /> <br> <h2><strong>Basic Skills and Techniques in Soccer</strong></h2> Basic skills and techniques involved in soccer are;

<h1><strong>CONTACT SPORTS</strong></h1> CONTENT <ol> <li>Definition of Contact Sports</li> <li>Examples of Contact Sports</li> <li>Benefits of Contact Sports</li> <li>Basic Skills and Techniques in Contact Sports</li> </ol> <br> <h2><strong>Definition of Contact Sports</strong></h2> Contact sports are sports that emphasize or require physical contact between players. Some sports such as martial arts are scored based on impacting an opponent, while others include rugby and football which require tackling of players. <img class="size-full wp-image-34061 aligncenter" src="https://classhall.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/contact-sports.jpg" alt="Contact sports" width="588" height="215" /> <br> <h2><strong>Examples of Contact Sports</strong></h2> The following are examples of contact sports: <ol> <li>Wrestling</li> <li>Judo</li> <li>Karate</li> <li>Boxing</li> <li>Football</li> <li>Rugby</li> </ol> <br> <h2><strong>Benefits of Contact Sports</strong></h2> The benefits of contact sports include the following:

<h1><strong>NON-CONTACT SPORTS</strong></h1> CONTENT <ol> <li>Definition of Non-contact Sports</li> <li>Examples of Non-Contact Sports</li> <li>Benefits of Non-contact Sports</li> <li>Basic Skills and Techniques in Non-Contact Sports</li> </ol> <br> <h2><strong>Definition of Non-contact Sports</strong></h2> Non-contact sports are those sports where participants should have no possible means of impact, such as sprinting, swimming, darts, snookers where players use separate lanes or take turns of play. <img class="size-full wp-image-34066 aligncenter" src="https://classhall.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/non-contact-sports.jpg" alt="Non-contact sports" width="292" height="259" /> <br> <h2><strong>Examples of Non-contact Sports</strong></h2> The following are examples of non-contact sports:

<h1><strong>PERSONAL, SCHOOL AND COMMUNITY HEALTH</strong></h1> CONTENT <ol> <li>Definition of Health</li> <li>Aspects of Health</li> <li>Determinants of Health</li> <li>Characteristics of a Healthy Person</li> <li>Characteristics of a Physically Fit Person</li> </ol> <br> <h2><strong>Definition of Health</strong></h2> Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being of an individual and not merely the absence of diseases or infirmities. Health may be regarded as a balance of physical, mental and social aspect of life in a human being. <br> <h2><strong>Aspects of Health</strong></h2> Health is generally classified under two aspects, namely, physical health and mental health. (i) <strong>Physical health:</strong> This simply means a condition of overall well-being, that is, when the body is functioning as it was designed to function. Physical health is the freedom from diseases or abnormality and soundness of the body.

<h1><strong>SEWAGE AND REFUSAL DISPOSAL</strong></h1> CONTENT <ol> <li>Meaning and Types of Sewage and Refuse</li> <li>Methods of Sewage Disposal</li> <li>Methods of Refuse Disposal</li> </ol> <br> <img class="size-full wp-image-34074 aligncenter" src="https://classhall.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/sewage-and-refuse-disposal.jpg" alt="Sewage and refuse disposal" width="651" height="195" /> <br> <h2><strong>Meaning of Sewage and Refuse</strong></h2> Refuse refers to all solid wastes such as pieces of paper leaves, garbage, ashes and dead animals while sewage refers to liquid wastes such as urine, kitchen wastes or water from laundry. <br> <h2><strong>Types of Sewage </strong></h2> There are basically three types of sewage, namely:

<h1><strong>WATER SUPPLY</strong></h1> CONTENT <ol> <li>What is Water?</li> <li>Sources of Water Supply</li> <li>Qualities of Good Water Supply</li> <li>Uses of Water</li> </ol>   <h2><strong>What is Water?</strong></h2> Chemically a molecule of water is composed of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom held together by covalent bonds. Water is precious to man’s existence as it is needed in agriculture, sports, industry, and domestic affairs. Water may be hard or soft. Hard water is not good economically as more soap is needed to form lather. When water is free from mineral salts, such water is called soft water as it dissolves soap quickly. <h2><strong>Sources of Water Supply</strong></h2> The two major sources of water supply to man are: <ol> <li>Surface Water</li> <li>Ground Water</li> </ol>   <h3><strong>Surface Water Supplies</strong></h3>

<h1><strong>SAFETY MEASURES IN CONTACT AND NON-CONTACT SPORTS</strong></h1> CONTENT <ol> <li>Safety Measures in Contact Sports</li> <li>Safety Measures in Non-contact Sports</li> </ol> <br> <h2><strong>Safety Measures in Contact Sports</strong></h2> <ol> <li>The playground must be kept clean; that is, remove all dangerous materials on the field e.g. stones, broken bottles, pegs, etc.</li> <li>Do not perform or play on a slippery ground.</li> <li>Warm-up properly before performing any exercise.</li> <li>Apparatus must be arranged and inspected before use.</li> <li>Avoid wearing high heel shoes or too heavy boots.</li> <li>Participants' dresses/sport wears should be smart and loose enough to allow free movement of the body.</li> </ol> <br> <h2><strong>Safety Measures in Non-contact Sports</strong></h2>