<h1>IRRIGATION SYSTEM</h1> CONTENT <ol> <li>Meaning of Irrigation System</li> <li>Importance of Irrigation System</li> <li>Problems of Irrigation System</li> <li>Types of Irrigation System</li> </ol>   <h2>Meaning of Irrigation System</h2> Irrigation is the artificial application of water to the soil for the purpose of supplying moisture for plant growth. This is because water is the most important determining factor in crop production   <h2>Importance of Irrigation System</h2> Irrigation is important in agriculture for the following reasons: <ol> <li>Provision of moisture necessary for plant growth.</li> <li>It increases yield of crops.</li> <li>It improves microbial decomposition of organic matter to release crop nutrients.</li> <li>It cools the soil temperature in the hot and dry season.</li> <li>It reduces harmful accumulated salt in the soil.</li> <li>It makes for all year round cultivation and crop production.</li> <li>It facilitates seed germination and enable the crops to be well established when rainfall is not steady.</li> <li>It reduces the hazard of soil caking.</li> <li>It stabilizes the farmer’s economy since production is not seasonal or erratic.</li> </ol>   <h2>Problems of Irrigation System</h2> The following are the problems of irrigation system:

<h1>DRAINAGE</h1> CONTENT <ol> <li>Meaning of Drainage</li> <li>Types of Drainage</li> <li>Importance of Drainage/Benefits of Drainage to Agriculture</li> <li>Problems of Drainage</li> </ol>   <h2>Meaning of Drainage<strong></strong></h2> Drainage is the removal of excess water artificially from a farmland to prevent water logging and promote good farming activities. Excess water may be removed through channels, pipes or funnels either from the surface of land or beneath the soil. <br> <h2>Types of Drainage (Drainage Systems)</h2> There are two major types of drainage. These are: <ul> <li>Surface drainage</li> <li>Sub-surface/underground drainage</li> </ul>   <h3>Surface Drainage</h3> This is the removal of excess water from the surface of the farmland using constructed open ditches, field drain, land grading and lateral ditches. This is divided into; <ul> <li>Random field surface drainage</li> <li>Parallel field drainage</li> </ul> Random field surface is suitable for areas with pot holes or depressions (rough topography). Parallel field drain is ideal where fields are flat or less than 1 – 2% slope. <img class="size-full wp-image-52580 aligncenter" src="https://classhall.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/drainage-prarallel-field-drain.jpg" alt="Drainage - parallel field drainage" width="534" height="283" /> <p style="text-align: center;">Parallel Field Drain</p>

<h1>FARM SURVEYING AND PLANNING</h1> CONTENT <ol> <li>Meaning of Farm Survey</li> <li>Types of Farm Survey</li> <li>Importance of Farm Surveying</li> <li>Common Survey Equipment and their Uses</li> <li>Maintenance Measures of Farm Survey Equipment</li> </ol>   <h2>Meaning of Farm Survey</h2> Farm Survey is a way of showing the natural and man-made features such as streams, lakes, rivers, hills, valleys, rocks, roads, buildings etc on a piece of farmland. It can further be defined as the process of measuring and mapping out the position, height, size and boundary of an area of farmland.   <h2>Types of Farm Survey</h2> There are five types of farm survey, namely: <ol> <li><strong>Chain Survey</strong>: This is the simplest form and the oldest form of survey involving the use of chains or measuring tapes to determine the area of land</li> <li><strong>Geodetic/Traverse Survey</strong>: It is a type of survey in which the size and shape (spherical) of an area is determined by using prismatic compass</li> <li><strong>Soil Survey</strong>: This is concerned with the examination, classification and systematic mapping of the soil. It provides data on the composition and properties of the soil</li> <li><strong>Topographical Survey</strong>: This is a type of survey in which the physical features of an area or relief,shape are identified eg flatness, steepness, valley, rivers etc</li> <li><strong>Aerial Survey</strong>: It is the use of aircraft to observe a large area of land showing different features such as hills, vegetation, rivers, lakes, Clift etc</li> </ol> <br> <h2>Importance of Farm Surveying</h2> Farm surveying is important for the following reasons:

<h1>FARM PLANNING</h1> CONTENT <ol> <li>Meaning of Farm Planning</li> <li>Importance of Farm Planning</li> <li>Factors to be Considered in Farm Planning and Design of Farmstead</li> <li>Principles of Farmstead Planning</li> </ol>   <h2>Meaning of Farm Planning</h2> Farm planning is the sketching, outlining and drawing of the farmstead as well as arrangement of the land for proper usage without the risk of land degradation. It is also the general arrangement of a farm before and after its take off. <br> <h2>Importance of Farm Planning</h2> Farm planning is important for the following reasons: <ol> <li>It helps in determining the actual dimension of the farmland</li> <li>It promotes neatness of the farm</li> <li>It helps to describe the future of the soil units</li> <li>It helps to maximize the use of labour and other factors of production</li> <li>It helps in the location of farm structures and buildings</li> <li>It can be used in the preparation of feasibility studies</li> <li>It prevents wastage of farmland and other inputs</li> <li>It is a prerequisite in the registration of farm enterprise</li> <li>It can be used as collateral for getting loans</li> <li>It helps farmers to project his yield before harvesting</li> </ol> EVALUATION <ol> <li>Define the term farm planning</li> <li>Why is farm planning important?</li> </ol>   <h2>Factors to be Considered in Farm Planning and Design of Farmstead</h2>