Basic Science Lesson Notes

Home » Basic Science Lesson Notes » Page 5

Meaning of Chemicals; Classification of Chemical; Chemical Safety

Length: 0 minutesComplexity: Standard

<h1>CHEMICALS</h1> CONTENT <ol> <li>Meaning of Chemicals</li> <li>Classification of Chemicals</li> <li>Chemical Safety</li> </ol>   <h2>Meaning of Chemicals</h2> Chemicals are substances with specific molecular composition. A chemical can be in form of gas, liquid, or solid. It can also be in simple or complex form. They can be in form of element, compound, and mixtures. <p style="text-align: center;"><img class="size-full wp-image-19641 aligncenter" src="https://classhall.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/mercury.jpg" alt="Mercury" width="353" height="228" /><strong>Mercury</strong></p> <span style="color: #008000;">Chemical elements are basic substances that are often used to make other products. Mercury is one of the few elements that are liquid at room temperature. This element is poisonous and can be absorbed through the skin.</span> <h2>Classification of Chemicals</h2> <h3>Classification Based on Uses</h3> <ol> <li>Pharmaceutical chemicals</li> <li>Nuclear chemicals</li> <li>Agrochemicals</li> <li>Industrial chemicals and</li> <li>Laboratory chemicals.</li> </ol> 1.<strong> Pharmaceutical Chemicals: </strong>They are chemicals formulated to act as remedy on living cells, they could be herbal or chemical synthesis. They are used for making of drugs. Such as antibiotics, antiseptics etc. 2.<strong> Nuclear Chemicals:</strong> They are chemicals that function based on the activities within the nucleus. Some of these chemicals can split or disintegrate (decay) through the process of radioactivity. It can be used for positive or negative purpose. E.g. it is used during X-ray. 3.<strong> Agrochemical:</strong> These are chemicals used for agricultural purposes. Examples are pesticides, herbicides, fertilizers, and organic manure.

Renewable and Non-renewable Energy

Length: 0 minutesComplexity: Standard

<h1><strong>RENEWABLE AND NON-RENEWABLE ENERGY</strong></h1> CONTENT Renewable Energy <ol> <li>Meaning of Renewable Energy</li> <li>Uses/Advantages of Renewable Energy</li> <li>Misuse/Disadvantages of Renewable Energy</li> </ol> Non-renewable Energy <ol> <li>Meaning of Non-renewable Energy</li> <li>Uses/Advantages of Non-renewable Energy</li> <li>Misuse/Disadvantages of Non-renewable Energy</li> </ol>   <h2><strong>Renewable Energy </strong></h2> <h3><strong>Meaning of Renewable Energy</strong></h3> Renewable is the energy from a source that can last forever or that is replaced naturally. Examples of renewable energy are: (i) Solar energy (ii) Wave energy (iii) Hydro-energy from hydroelectric dams that have generators turned by water to produce electricity (e.g. Kanji dam, Shiroro dam). (iv) Biomass/Biofuels (v) Wind energy which is a source of energy used to run windmills to produce electricity. Wind power is not common in Nigeria as in overseas countries. Sun, wind and water will always exist and hence termed renewable energy. <h3><strong>Uses/Advantages of Renewable Energy</strong></h3> Renewable energy is useful or advantageous for the following reasons:

Elements and Compounds

Length: 0 minutesComplexity: Standard

<h1>CHEMICAL ELEMENTS AND COMPOUNDS</h1> CONTENT <ol> <li>Meaning of Element</li> <li>Elements and their Symbols</li> <li>Names of Elements Derived From the Latin Name</li> <li>Chemical Compound</li> <li>Nature of Elements</li> <li>Mixture</li> </ol>   <h2>Meaning of Element</h2> Elements are substances that cannot be broken down into anything else. Everything in the world are built up from these elements. There are about one hundred and twelve (112) elements known today. Scientists use short forms called symbols to represent elements as shown below. <h2>Elements and their Symbols</h2>

Energy and Society

Length: 0 minutesComplexity: Standard

<h1><strong>ENERGY AND SOCIETY </strong></h1> CONTENT <ol> <li>Energy and Society</li> <li>Effects of Energy on Society</li> <li>Ways Through Which Lack of Energy Supply Affects Societal Development</li> </ol>   <h2><strong>Energy and Society</strong></h2> Energy is one of the basic needs of all mankind that is necessary for survival and societal development. <p style="text-align: center;"><img class="size-full wp-image-32437 aligncenter" src="https://classhall.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/energy-and-society-solar-power.jpg" alt="Renewable and Non-renewable energy - Energy and society - Solar power" width="451" height="263" /><strong>Solar Power</strong></p> <span style="color: #008000;">These solar panels convert energy from sunlight directly into electricity. Solar power is a renewable source of energy - it will never run out.</span> <h2><strong>Effects of Energy on Society</strong></h2> Energy has become more necessary in the following areas:

Work, Energy and Power: Potential and Kinetic Energy

Length: 0 minutesComplexity: Standard

<h1>WORK, ENERGY AND POWER</h1> CONTENT <ol> <li>Meaning of Work, Energy and Power</li> <li>Meaning of Potential and Kinetic Energy</li> </ol>   <h2>Meaning of Work</h2> Work is said to be done whenever a force or load moves through a distance. i.e. work = force × distance moved in the direction of the force (f × d). <img class="size-full wp-image-11900 aligncenter" src="https://classhall.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/work-done-1.jpg" alt="Work done" width="386" height="220" /> Mathematically W(d) = f × d The unit of work is joules with symbol J.   <h2>Force</h2> Force is that which changes a body’s state of rest or uniform motion in a straight line. It can as well be expressed as: Force = mass × acceleration i.e. F = m × a Where: F = force, M = mass and A = acceleration The unit of force is Newton (N). If force = mass × acceleration Work can be given as: Work = Mass × acceleration × distance. Also, W = F × S Where, W = Work done is measured in <strong>Joules (J)</strong>

Introduction to Basic Science

Length: 0 minutesComplexity: Standard

<h1><strong>INTRODUCTION TO SCIENCE </strong></h1> CONTENT <ol> <li>Definition of Science</li> <li>How to Study Science</li> <li>The Branches of Science</li> <li>Uses of Science</li> </ol>   <h2><strong>Definition of Science </strong></h2> Science is the systematic study of nature. Basic science is a subject that introduces sciences to mankind. <h2><strong>How to Study Science </strong></h2> Science is studied through the following ways:

Force: Meaning; Types and Uses of Force

Length: 0 minutesComplexity: Standard

<h1><strong>MEANING AND TYPES OF FORCE</strong></h1> CONTENT <ol> <li>Definition of Force</li> <li>Mathematical Expression of Force</li> <li>Types of Forces</li> <li>Differences between Gravitational Force and Magnetic Force</li> <li>Uses of Force</li> </ol>   <h2><strong>Definition of Force</strong></h2> Force is any action that moves an object or alters its uniform motion in a given direction. Force is the product of mass of the objects and its acceleration. The greater the mass of the object, the greater the force required to move it. Examples of force are pull, push, tension forces and frictional force between surfaces. <strong>Force is measured in Newton.</strong> <h2><strong>Mathematical Expression of Force</strong></h2> F ά mass × acceleration F = ma, where m = mass and a = acceleration due to gravity <h2><strong>Types of Forces </strong></h2> There are two types of force. These are; <ol> <li>Contact force</li> <li>Non-contact force/force field</li> </ol> <h3><strong>Contact Force </strong></h3>

© [2022] Spidaworks Digital - All rights reserved.
error: Alert: Content is protected !!