<h1><strong>LAND/SOIL POLLUTION</strong></h1> CONTENT <ol> <li>Definition of Land or Soil Pollution</li> <li>Causes of Land/Soil pollution</li> <li>Effects of Land or Soil Pollution</li> <li>Control of Land/Soil Pollution</li> </ol>   <h2>Definition of Land or Soil Pollution<strong> </strong></h2> Land/soil pollution is the release of refuse and untreated wastes from agricultural and domestic activities and are exposed or dumped on the soil. <h2><strong>Causes of Land/Soil pollution</strong></h2> Causes of land/soil pollution are human activities that can release land/soil pollutants such as: (i) Agricultural activities which releases fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides and animal dung. (ii) Oil spills from refineries and industries. (iii) Illegal dumping of waste refuse and chemicals. (iv) Indiscriminate disposal of domestic waste products on the soil. <h2><strong>Effects of Land or Soil Pollution </strong></h2> Effects of land or soil pollution include the following:

<h1><strong>RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ORGANISMS IN A HABITAT</strong></h1> CONTENT <ol> <li>Biotic and Abiotic Factors</li> <li>Population</li> </ol>   <h2><strong>Biotic and Abiotic Factors</strong></h2> Organisms in their habitats are affected by many factors. Factors are the things or conditions that influence their livelihood. These factors are called <strong>biotic</strong> and <strong>abiotic </strong>factors. Biotic factors are the living factors of the habitat such as the living things found in that habitat while the abiotic factors are the non-living factors in the habitat such as oxygen, temperature, dissolved salt, water, sun light, etc. The biotic factors are classified as producers, consumers and decomposers.

<h1><strong>NUTRIENT CYCLE, FOOD CHAIN AND FOOD WEB</strong></h1> CONTENT <ol> <li>Meaning of Nutrient Cycle in Nature</li> <li>The Water Cycle</li> <li>Nitrogen Cycle</li> <li>Carbon Cycle</li> <li>Food Chain</li> <li>Food Web</li> </ol>   <h2><strong>Meaning of Nutrient Cycle in Nature</strong></h2> <strong>Nutrient Cycle in Nature</strong> is the constant circulation of nutrients around the ecosystem. Photosynthesis and respiration drive the movement of oxygen and carbon dioxides to become available all the times.   <h2><strong>The Water Cycle</strong></h2> We use water every day, where does water comes from, water is found almost everywhere in different forms. Water cycle is the continuous movement of water, from land, rivers and oceans to the atmosphere as vapour and from atmosphere back to land and rivers or oceans as rain.