Basic Science Lesson Notes

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Space Travel

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<h1><strong>SPACE TRAVEL </strong></h1> CONTENT <ol> <li>Meaning of Space Travel</li> <li>Purpose/Advantages of Space Travel</li> <li>Dangers of Space Travel</li> </ol> <p style="text-align: center;"><img class="size-full wp-image-36596 aligncenter" src="https://classhall.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/space-travel-Yuri-Gagarin.jpg" alt="Space Travel - Yuri Gagarin" width="218" height="194" /><strong>Yuri Gagarin</strong></p> <span style="color: #008000;">On April 12, 1961, the Russian cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin blasted into orbit. He was the first person in space and completed an orbit of the Earth before landing. This photograph was taken just before lift-off.</span> <h2><strong>Meaning of Space Travel</strong></h2> Space travel is traveling from the earth to outer space. Space is the environment surrounding the earth, moon and other planets. Human beings are able to go to space and spend days and months using a space rocket called space shuttle. Space travels are expensive to run. <p style="text-align: left;">On 21st July, 1969 Neil Armstrong an American was the first person to step on the moon. He was followed by Edwin Aldrin, also 2 other Americans, Eugene Cernan and Harrison Schmitt who stayed for about 74 hours and 59 minutes on the moon surface. <img class="size-full wp-image-36597 aligncenter" src="https://classhall.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/space-travel.jpg" alt="Space travel" width="303" height="215" /><strong>Space Travel</strong></p> <span style="color: #008000;">For hundreds of years, people dreamed about traveling to outer space. The invention of huge rockets made space travel a reality. An astronaut first went into space in 1961 (A Russian, Major Yuri Gagarin). Only eight years later, astronauts landed on the Moon. Since then, people have continued to explore space.</span> <p style="text-align: center;"><img class="size-full wp-image-36598 aligncenter" src="https://classhall.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/rocketing-to-space.jpg" alt="Space travel - Rocketing to space" width="297" height="306" /><strong>Rocketing to Space</strong></p>

Environmental Pollution: Water Pollution

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<h1><strong>ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION - WATER POLLUTION </strong></h1> CONTENT <ol> <li>Definition of Pollution</li> <li>Types of Pollution</li> <li>Water Pollution</li> <li>Causes of Water Pollution</li> <li>Consequences/Effects of Water Pollution</li> <li>Control Measures of Water Pollution</li> </ol> <br> <h2><strong>Definition of Pollution</strong></h2> The discharge of waste substances into the environment in quantities that are harmful to human beings is known as <strong>pollution</strong>. The materials and energy that cause pollution are called <strong>pollutants</strong>. Examples of pollutants are Acids, Soaps and Detergents, Alcohol, Oils, Chemical compounds such as Lead, Sulphide, fertilizers, herbicides, refuse and sewage etc. making the environment undesirable, unpleasant, threatening the health and existence of living organisms including humans. <h2><strong>Types of Pollution</strong></h2> There are mainly three types of pollution namely: (i) Water pollution; (ii) Air pollution; (iii) Land or Soil pollution   <h3><strong>Water Pollution</strong></h3>

Satellites

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<h1><strong>SATELLITES</strong></h1> CONTENT <ol> <li>Meaning of Satellite</li> <li>Types of Satellites</li> <li>Uses of Satellites</li> </ol>   <h2><strong>Meaning of Satellite </strong></h2> A satellite is a natural body that revolves round the earth or another planet. As we have learned earlier, the earth has one satellite which is the moon. Scientist have launched artificial satellites (like space shuttle, rockets etc) into space to carry out experiments, collect information and learn more about other space. <h2><strong>Types of Satellites</strong></h2> The types of satellites include the following: <ol> <li>Communications satellites</li> <li>Weather satellites</li> <li>Navigation satellites</li> <li>Surveillance satellites</li> <li>Scientific satellites</li> </ol> <img class="size-full wp-image-36602 aligncenter" src="https://classhall.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/communications-satellite.jpg" alt="Satellites - Types of Satellites - Communications Satellites" width="320" height="195" /> <h3><strong>Communications Satellites</strong></h3>

Air Pollution

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<h1><strong>AIR POLLUTION</strong></h1> CONTENT <ol> <li>Definition of Air Pollution</li> <li>Air Polluntants</li> <li>Sources of Air Pollution</li> <li>Consequences of Air Pollution</li> <li>Control Measures of Air Pollution</li> </ol>   <h2><strong>Definition of Air Pollution </strong></h2> Air pollution is the discharge of harmful waste substances which contaminate the atmosphere. Air pollutants can be solids, liquids or gases. <p style="text-align: center;"><img class="size-full wp-image-19620 aligncenter" src="https://classhall.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/air-pollution.jpg" alt="air pollution" width="252" height="181" /><strong>Air Pollution</strong></p> Air pollution is a serious problem in many parts of the world. Smokestacks pump pollution into the air, harming the environment and making it harder to breathe.

Meaning and Types of Habitats

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<h1><strong>HABITAT</strong></h1> CONTENT <ol> <li>Meaning of Habitat</li> <li>Types of Habitats</li> </ol>   <h2><strong>Meaning of Habitat</strong></h2> The place where an organism normally lives is called its habitat. Specifically, it means the home where an organism (plant or animal) inhabits. The biologists who study habitats are called <strong>ecologists</strong>. Ecology is the study of organisms in relation to their environment. There are many kinds of habitats. The school compound is a habitat, a pond is a habitat and the tropical rain forest of Africa is a habitat. <br> <h2><strong>Types of Habitats</strong></h2> There are basically three types of habitat. They are aquatic habitat, terrestrial habitat and arboreal habitat. 1.<strong> Aquatic (Water) Habitat</strong>: This habitat refers to water environment. Organisms found in this habitat are called aquatic organisms. There are three types of aquatic habitat:

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