<h1>PROPERTIES OF CERAMICS; PROPERTIES OF GLASS</h1> <p>CONTENT</p> <p>Properties of Ceramics</p> <ol> <li>Definition of Ceramics</li> <li>Classification of Ceramic Materials</li> <li>Properties of Ceramics</li> </ol> <p>Properties of Glass</p> <ol> <li>Definition of Glass</li> <li>Properties of Glass</li> <li>Uses of Glass</li> </ol> <p> </p> <h2>Properties of Ceramics</h2> <h3>Definition of Ceramics</h3> <p>Clay exists naturally in many parts of the world. When it is wet, it can easily be molded into different shapes and sizes. We use clay to mould various objects like storage pots, cooking pots and dishes.</p> <p>We use mud to construct support for cooking pots, to build houses and also to make bricks for building houses. We make cement blocks that we use for building houses by mixing sand and cement to get typical shape. All the above solid objects made from clay, mud or cement are called ceramics.</p> <p>Ceramics break easily when dropped. We say they are brittle; this differentiates ceramics from metals, plastics, wood and rubber. Ceramics are less dense than most metals. They have high melting points.</p> <p>They are a very large group and have very wide uses such as:</p> <ol> <li>Refractory ceramics (high temperature bricks) for furnaces and flue linings.</li> <li>Tiles, such as roof tiles, glazed and unglazed floor and wall tiles, including white tiles.</li> <li>Sanitary fittings of all kinds usually known as white ware</li> <li>Common brick to high grade engineering brick used for the construction of machinery bases. Basically, they are of:</li> </ol> <p style="padding-left: 40px">(a) Structural clay products, including common bricks and sewer bricks. These products are dried and fired for strength after being made from a mixture of clay and shale.</p>

<h1>BUILDING MATERIALS</h1> <p>CONTENT</p> <ol> <li>Definition of Building</li> <li>Common Building Materials</li> <li>Identification of Buildings by Materials</li> <li>Uses of Building Materials</li> <li>Uses of Buildings</li> <li>Types of Buildings</li> </ol> <p> </p> <h2>Definition of Building</h2> <p>A building is a structure which is designed by the architects or draughtsman and built for the purpose of providing shelter for human beings. Building materials are the materials used to construct buildings and other structures.</p> <p> </p> <h2>Common Building Materials </h2> <p>The following are the common building materials:</p> <p>(i) Cement (ii) Sand (iii) Gravel (iv) Metal (v) Plastics (vi) Wood (vii) Glass (viii) Leaves (ix) Ceramics (x) Grass, etc.</p> <p><img class="size-full wp-image-19727 aligncenter" src="https://classhall.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/building-materials.jpg" alt="Building materials" width="368" height="259" /></p> <p style="text-align: center"><strong>Building Materials</strong></p> <p> </p> <h2>Identification of Buildings by Materials</h2> <p>Buildings are identified by the types of materials with which they are erected. They are:</p> <ol> <li><strong>Mud Buildings:</strong> These are erected with loamy or clayed soil which has been properly treated to plastic nature.</li> <li><strong>Brick Building: </strong>Bricks are molded from dried mortar (a mixture of cement, sand and lime and at times clay burnt in a kiln. There two types of Brick Building:</li> </ol> <p style="padding-left: 40px">(i) The Sun dried bricks (ii) The fire burnt bricks (Red bricks)</p> <ol start="3">

<h1><strong>PROPERTIES OF METALS</strong></h1> CONTENT <ol> <li>The Definition of Metals</li> <li>Identification of Metals by Physical Properties</li> <li>Classification of Metals</li> </ol>   <h2><strong>The Definition of Metals</strong></h2> A metal is a material (a compound, element or alloy) that is hard when in solid state, opaque, shiny, and which is a good conductor of heat and electricity. <h2><strong>Identification of Metals by Physical Properties</strong></h2> Identification of metals can be defined as a method used to differentiate one particular type of metal from another and from other materials which are non-metals. Metals can be identified through their properties, which include: <ol> <li>Density: This is the weight of a metal and it varies from metal to metal. E.g. aluminum is light and lead is heavy in weight.</li> <li>Colour/Lustre: This is the appearance of a metal when the surface is polished. For example, when polished and examined under a microscope, copper presents a different appearance from polished mild steel.</li> <li>Fusibility: This is the property of a metal which makes it melt and join with other metals while in a liquid form.</li>