Agricultural Science Objective Questions

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Classification of Animals based on Mode of Reproduction

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<h1><strong>CLASSIFICATION OF FARM ANIMALS BASED ON MODE OF REPRODUCTION</strong></h1> CONTENT Classification of Farm Animals based on Mode of Reproduction <ol> <li>Mammals</li> <li>Non-mammals</li> </ol>   <h2><strong>Classification of Farm Animals based on Mode of Reproduction</strong></h2> Using this criteria, farm animals can be classified into two groups, which are: <ul> <li>Mammals (viviparous farm animals)</li> <li>Non-mammals (oviparous farm animals)</li> </ul> <h3><strong>Mammals </strong></h3> Mammals are animals that give birth to their young ones alive and have their bodies covered with hair or fur.

Book-keeping and Book-keeping Ethics

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<h1><strong>BOOK-KEEPING AND BOOK-KEEPING ETHICS</strong></h1> CONTENT <ol> <li>Meaning of Book-keeping</li> <li>Purpose of Book-keeping:</li> <li>Book-keeping Ethics</li> </ol>   <h2><strong>Meaning of Book-keeping</strong></h2> Book keeping is the record of what is bought, sold, owned and owed, what money comes in, what goes out and what is left. Book-keeping is the act of recording business transactions in a regular and systematic manner, such that the record would be in a permanent form for the following purposes. <h2><strong>Purpose of Book-keeping</strong></h2> The purpose of book-keeping are as follows:

Pasture and Forage Crops

<h1>PASTURE AND FORAGE CROPS</h1> CONTENT <ol> <li>Meaning of Pasture and Forage Crops</li> <li>Uses of Forage/Pasture Crops</li> <li>Types of Pasture</li> <li>Common Grasses and Legumes</li> <li>Description of Grasses and Legumes</li> <li>Factors Affecting the Distribution and Productivity of Pasture</li> <li>Establishment and Management of Pasture</li> <li>Determination of Plant Population</li> </ol>   <h2>Meaning of Pasture and Forage Crops</h2> A pasture is an area of land on which grasses and legumes (forages) grow for animals to graze. Forage crops are plants cultivated for their vegetative portions in a pasture and are used either in fresh or preserved for feeding livestock such as cattle, sheep and goat. They may be harvested and fed to the animals in their shed (soiling/zero grazing) or animals are allowed to graze directly on the field. <img class="size-full wp-image-52037 aligncenter" src="https://classhall.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/pasture-and-forage-crops.jpg" alt="Pasture and forage crops" width="498" height="194" />   <h2>Uses of Forage/Pasture Crops</h2> Forage and pasture crops are used for the following: <ol> <li>Forages account for a major source of food for ruminant animals</li> <li>They serve as cover crops to conserve soil moisture and prevent soil erosion.</li> <li>They could be used as green manure e.g forage legumes</li> <li>They can be used for roofing farm stead e.g grasses</li> <li>They can also be used as bedding materials for animals</li> <li>They can fix atmospheric nitrogen into the soil</li> <li>Forage legumes increase proteins content of the pasture, add to palatability as well as increasing the nitrogen content of the soil.</li> <li>If properly managed and planned, it could be a source of balanced diet.</li> </ol> EVALUATION <ol> <li>What do you understand by the term pasture?</li> <li>State five importances of forages in livestock production.</li> </ol>   <h2>Types of Pasture</h2> There are two main types of pasture: the natural and artificial pastures: 1. <strong>The Natural Pasture</strong>: The Natural Pasture otherwise known as range land is an extensive grassland containing forage grasses and legumes, straws and other wildlife. An example of Natural Pasture is Savanna areas. They are not planted by man. <h3>Characteristics of Natural Pasture</h3>

Diseases of Crops

<h1>DISEASES OF CROPS</h1> CONTENT <ol> <li>Meaning of Disease</li> <li>Diseases of Major Crops</li> <li>Causes of Diseases</li> <li>Brief Explanations on Disease-causing Organisms</li> <li>General Effects of Disease on Crop Plants</li> <li>Diseases of Major Crops (detailed)</li> </ol>   <h2>Meaning of Disease</h2> A disease is a departure from normal state of health, presenting marked symptoms or outward visible signs. A disease is also defined as a condition of disorder in the functioning of the tissues of an organism. It is an unfavorable condition caused by infections by pathogens or deficiency or excess of some environmental factors which result in physiological and anatomical dysfunctions expressed in characteristic symptoms.   <h2>Diseases of Major Crops</h2> The following are the diseases of major crops: (i) Cereals – Smut, rice blast, etc. (ii) Legumes - Cercospora, leaf spot, rosette, etc. (iii) Beverages - Cocoa black pod, coffee leaf rust, etc. (iv) Tuber - Cassava mosaic, bacterial leaf blight, etc. (v) Fruits - Citrus Gummosis, Diebacks, etc. (vi) Fiber - Black arm (bacterial blight of cotton) (vii) Vegetables - Root knot of tomato or okra, etc. (viii) Stored produce - Mould   <h2>Causes of Diseases</h2> <h3>(i) Pathogen Diseases</h3> These are diseases caused by living microorganisms called pathogens. e.g.

Types of Agriculture based on Levels of Production

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<h1><strong>TYPES OF AGRICULTURE BASED ON THE LEVELS OF PRODUCTION</strong></h1> CONTENT<strong> </strong> <ol> <li>Meaning and Characteristics of Subsistence Agriculture</li> <li>Meaning and Characteristics of Commercial Agriculture</li> </ol>   <h2><strong>Subsistence Agriculture</strong></h2> <h3><strong>Meaning of Subsistence Agriculture</strong></h3> Subsistence agriculture is defined as the type of agriculture which involves the production of crops and animals by a farmer to feed himself and his family. He produces food for the consumption of the family with little or nothing left for sale. <h3><strong>Characteristics of Subsistence Agriculture</strong></h3> <ol> <li>It requires small capital/finance.</li> <li>Mixed cropping is mostly practiced.</li> <li>There is limited used of agro-chemicals e.g. pesticides and fertilizers.</li> <li>Unimproved varieties of crops and breeds of animals are used.</li> <li>There is little or no surplus for sale.</li> <li>It involves the used of crude/traditional tools such as hoes, machetes/cutlasses.</li> <li>It involves mainly the production of food crops.</li> <li>It is done on small scattered land.</li> <li>It uses family/unskilled labour.</li> <li>Yield/output is low.</li> </ol>

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