<h1>REPRODUCTION AND REPRODUCTIVE PROCESS IN FARM ANIMALS</h1> CONTENT <ol> <li>Reproductive Systems of Farm Animals, Mammals and Poultry</li> <li>The Male Reproductive System</li> <li>Functions of Various Parts of Male Reproductive System</li> <li>Male Reproductive System in Poultry</li> <li>Female Reproductive System</li> <li>Reproductive System in Poultry (Hen)</li> <li>Reproductive Hormones</li> <li>Reproductive Processes/Terminologies in Production</li> </ol>   <h2>Reproductive Systems of Farm Animals, Mammals and Poultry</h2> Reproduction can be defined as the process through which living organisms give birth to young ones. It involves mating, after which the male sperm is united to the female ovum to form zygote.   <h2>The Male Reproductive System</h2> The male reproductive system is made up of the primary sex character (testes) and the secondary sex character which consist of the scrotum, cowpers gland, prostate gland, seminal vesicle, urethra, penis, vas deferens and spermatic ducts. <img class="size-full wp-image-55164 aligncenter" src="https://classhall.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/male-reproductive-system.jpg" alt="Reproduction and Reproductive Process in Farm Animals - Male Reproductive System" width="694" height="404" /> <img class="size-full wp-image-55165 aligncenter" src="https://classhall.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/male-reproductive-system-spermatozoa.jpg" alt="Reproduction and Reproductive Process in Farm Animals - Male Reproductive System - Spermatozoa" width="526" height="239" />   <h3>Functions of Various Parts of Male Reproductive System</h3> <strong>Testes</strong>: They are located within the scrotum or scrotal sac. When stimulated by the male hormone called testosterone, it secrets spermatozoa. <strong>Scrotum</strong>: This helps to house the testes. It regulates the temperature of the testes at 4⁰C less than the body temperature. <strong>Vas deferens</strong>: This is responsible for conducting sperm from the epididymis to the neck of the urethra.

<h1><strong>SOIL FORMATION AND PROFILE DEVELOPMENT</strong></h1> CONTENT <ol> <li>Introduction</li> <li>Factors of Soil Formation</li> <li>Processes of Soil Formation</li> <li>Soil Profile Development</li> <li>Importance of Soil Profile<u></u></li> </ol> <strong> </strong> <h2><strong>Introduction</strong></h2> The soil is a very important factor for agricultural activity and the survival of man. Soil is the loose weathered material covering the surface of the earth, which supports life. It can also be defined as the outermost part of the earth that is formed from the mixture of minerals and decaying organic matter which extends from the surface down to the limit of biological forces.   <h2><strong>Factors of Soil Formation</strong></h2> The transformation of rocks into soil is referred to as soil formation. The first stage in the process of soil formation is the <strong>Weathering of rocks</strong> which involves the breaking of rocks into smaller particles and eventually into individual minerals that the rock is composed of. Weathering of rock can either be<strong> physica</strong>l such as through water, wind, Pressure, ice and temperature, or <strong>chemical </strong>which involves changes in the chemical composition of the rock.There are a number of factors that influence the rate, type and quality of soil formed in a location. There are five factors that determine or influence soil formation, namely: 1. Parent material <ul> <li>Climate</li> <li>Topography</li> <li>Living organisms</li> <li>Time</li> </ul> <h3><strong>Parent Material</strong></h3> The type of materials, that is structure, texture, and mineral composition present in the parent rock will also determine the type of soil formed. Parent materials are important in the following ways:

<h1>TYPES AND CLASSIFICATION OF FARM ANIMALS</h1> CONTENT <ol> <li>Definition of Farm Animals</li> <li>Types of Farm Animals</li> <li>Classification of Farm Animals</li> </ol>   <h2>Definition of Farm Animals</h2> Farm animals are essentially those animals that have been domesticated for production purposes and for other benefits of man. Farm animals vary in their individual characteristics. These include avian species, mammalian species and aquatic species. <img class="size-full wp-image-53393 aligncenter" src="https://classhall.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/farm-animals.jpg" alt="Types and Classification of Farm Animals" width="462" height="388" />   <h2>Types of Farm Animals</h2> <h3>(i) Avian Species</h3> This group belongs to all domesticated birds such as domestic fowl, ducks, turkeys, geese, guinea fowl, swarms, pigeons, pheasants, canaries and ostriches. These lay eggs and are therefore refer to as Oviparous animals. <h3>(ii) Mammalian Species</h3> This group consists of the domestic four-footed animals which include cattle, sheep, goat, pigs, horses, donkeys and camels. They give birth to their young ones alive and as such, they are referred to as Viviparous animals. <h3>(iii) Aquatic Species</h3> This group consists of animals living and reproducing in both fresh and salt water bodies eg fishes, crabs, snails, crustaceans etc. EVALUATION <ol> <li>Define the term farm animals.</li> <li>State the three major types of farm animals and give two examples.</li> </ol>   <h2>Classification of Farm Animals</h2> Farm animals are generally classified on the basis of their habitat, uses, digestion, reproduction, etc. <h3>A. Habitat</h3> Classification under habitat comes under three major divisions, namely;