Agricultural Science Objective Questions

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Classification of Farm Animals based on Size and Habitat

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<h1><strong>CLASSIFICATION OF FARM ANIMALS BASED ON SIZE AND HABITAT </strong></h1> CONTENT <ol> <li>Classification of Farm Animals based on Size and Habitat</li> <li>Classification of Farm Animals based on Habitat</li> </ol>   <h2><strong>Classification of Farm Animals</strong></h2> Farm animals are classified based on the following criteria: <ol> <li>The size of the animal</li> <li>The habitat</li> <li>The stomach types/digestion</li> <li>The modes of reproduction</li> <li>The feeding pattern</li> </ol>   <h2><strong>Classification based on the Size of Animal</strong></h2> This refers to the body size. It is further divided into two <ol> <li>Large farm animals</li> <li>Small farm animals</li> </ol> <h3><strong>Large Farm Animals</strong></h3> These are animals with large body sizes. Examples are cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, camels, horses, donkeys, etc. <img class="size-full wp-image-32367 aligncenter" src="https://classhall.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/work-animals-bull.jpg" alt="Farm Animals - Work animals - bull" width="304" height="208" />

Factors of Production: Entrepreneur or Management

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<h1><strong>FACTORS OF PRODUCTION - ENTREPRENEUR OR MANAGEMENT</strong></h1> CONTENT <ol> <li>Meaning of Entrepreneur or Management</li> <li>Characteristics of Management</li> <li>Importance of Entrepreneur or Management in Agricultural Production</li> </ol>   <h2><strong>Meaning of Entrepreneur or Management</strong></h2> An entrepreneur or management refers to the person or group of persons who organize, co-ordinate and control the use of other factors of production. This is the person responsible for directing the affairs of the farm’s administration. He is the farm manager and the ultimate risk bearer. He takes important managerial decisions involving:

Methods of Prevention and Control of Farm Animal Diseases

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<h1><strong>GENERAL METHODS OF PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF FARM ANIMALS' DISEASES</strong></h1> CONTENT <ol> <li>General Effects of Diseases of Farm Animals</li> <li>General Methods of Prevention and Control of Farm Animals' Diseases</li> </ol>   <h2><strong>General Effects of Diseases of Farm Animals</strong></h2> The following are the effects of diseases on farm animals: <ol> <li>Reduced productivity</li> <li>Loss of appetite</li> <li>Loss of weight</li> <li>Death of animals</li> <li>Loss of body condition called emaciation</li>

Computer Aided Farm Records and their Benefits

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<h1><strong>COMPUTER AIDED FARM RECORDS AND THEIR BENEFITS</strong><strong> </strong></h1> CONTENT <ol> <li>Computer Aided Farm Records and their Benefits</li> <li>Types of Computer Aided Farm Records</li> <li>Determining the Ideal Computer Aided Record Program for Farm Business</li> <li>Benefits of Computer Aided Records</li> <li>Disadvantages of Computer Aided Records</li> </ol>   <h2><strong>Computer Aided Farm Records and their Benefits</strong></h2> These are computer software programs that can record basic income and expense data for farmers, with quick summary and ability to prepare variety of financial reports. In a farm business, some basic reports are needed. The key ones are: <ol> <li>Transaction journal</li> <li>Depreciation schedule</li> <li>Employee reports (pay checks, withholdings, payment of employee tax, etc.)</li> <li>Information returns</li> <li>Balance sheet</li> <li>Income statement.</li> </ol> <h2><strong>Types of Computer Aided Farm Records </strong></h2> Farmers who need accurate, complete financial statements and analysis should consider using some form of computer record system such as:

Factors Affecting Land Availability for Agricultural Purposes

<h2>FACTORS AFFECTING LAND AVAILABILITY FOR AGRICULTURAL PURPOSES</h2> CONTENT <ol> <li>Factors Affecting Land Availability and Uses</li> </ol> <br> <h2><strong>Factors Affecting Land Availability and Uses</strong></h2> Many factor affect land availability and uses in Nigeria. Some of these are; <ol> <li>Land tenure system</li> <li>Population pressure</li> <li>The size of useful land in the country</li> <li>Climatic factors</li> <li>Soil factors</li> <li>Cultivation practices</li> <li>Cultural practices</li> <li>Topography</li> <li>Government policy</li> <li>Religious beliefs</li> <li>Environmental pollution</li> </ol>   <h3>(i)<strong> Land tenure system</strong></h3> Land tenure is the system of land ownership including the rights and obligations governing its acquisition and disposal. The prevailing system of land ownership in Nigeria does not encourage prospective farmers to acquire large hectares of land because the actual owners feel that their young ones are being robbed o f their inheritance.In Nigeria, land is mostly acquired through inheritance and shared among the beneficiaries ,due to fragmentation of land it becomes difficult to carryout large scale farming. Similarly communal land tenure does not make land available for agriculture too. Land is jointly owned by community. At times, government holds such land in trust for the community and later releases such land for building industrial layout ,thus making lands unavailable for agricultural activities. <h3>(ii)<strong> Population Pressure </strong></h3>

Husbandry of Selected Crops (continued)

<h1>HUSBANDRY OF SELECTED CROPS</h1> CONTENT <ol> <li>Vegetables - Tomato</li> <li>Beverages - Cocoa</li> <li>Oil - Oil Palm</li> </ol>   <h2>Tomato: <em>Lycopersicon esculentum</em></h2> <h3>Description of Tomato</h3> This is an annual vegetable crop grown for its fruits. The plant has a weak hairy and triangular stem which bears side branches. It has compound leaves, borne alternately on the stem and branches. Tomato bears yellow flowers; the fruit are green and turn red, pink or yellow when ripe. The fruit can be eaten raw/ cooked, used for soup or stew preparation, or in preparing vegetable salad and other food. <h3>Varieties of Tomato</h3> Cultivated varieties of tomato are Roma, Bonny best, Hot set, Ife plum, Romita, money-maker, pork, and local cultivars. <h3>Land Preparation for Tomato Cultivation</h3> Land clearing is done manually with cutlass, ridges is made with hoe, or can be prepared by ploughing, harrowing and ridging. <h3>Method of Propagation</h3> Propagation is by seed planted either directly or first in nursery and later transfer to the field. The planting could be by drilling or broadcasting. <h3>Soil Requirement</h3> It does best in a rich drained loamy soil. <h3>Climate</h3> Tomato is a warm season crop and does best under dry condition. Annual rainfall is 750mm. Temperature is between 20ºC to 25ºC. <h3>Planting Date</h3> Early September to October <h3>Seed Rate</h3> 5-10kg of seeds/ha <h3>Nursery Practices</h3> It is done on ground, beds or seed boxes. Seeds are sown in drill 5cm apart and 2.5cm deep Shading, mulching, weeding and watering are done. Nursery last for 3 weeks when the plants are at three leaved stage <h3>Spacing</h3> <ul> <li>60cm × 60cm without staking</li> <li>50cm × 30cm with staking</li> </ul> <h3>Transplanting</h3> Transplanting is done after the seedlings have reached about 15-20cm tall. This is about 25-30days. The plants should have attained up to 4-5 leaves stage before transplanting to the field. Planting in the field is 45-60cm between rows and 30-45cm between plants. Transplanting should done in the evening or during cool weather together with the ‘ball of earth’ to ensure survival of the seedlings. <h3>Cultural Practices</h3> <ol> <li>Weeding</li> <li>Watering (this should be done immediately after transplanting morning and evening)</li> <li>Fertilizer application: NPK 15:15:15 and organic manure are necessary</li> <li>Staking: this is to enable plants stand erect and prevent lodging. It also allows for good fruiting and keep fruit from disease attack arising from contact with soil.</li> </ol> <h3>Harvesting, Processing and Storage</h3> Tomato matures between 2-4 months after planting (from transplanting). Harvesting is done by hand picking and it starts as from two months. For a short period, tomato can be stored in a refrigerator or spread on the floor in an airy room. For a long term storage, tomatoes are turned into paste and canned <h3>Pests of Tomato</h3>

Implications of Demand and Supply for Agricultural Production

<h1>IMPLICATIONS OF DEMAND AND SUPPLY FOR AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION</h1> CONTENT <ol> <li>Implications of Demand and Supply for Agricultural Production</li> <li>Price Support and its Effects on Agriculture</li> <li>Price Control and Effects on Agriculture</li> <li>Subsidy and its Effects on Agriculture</li> <li>Reasons for Farm Subsidies</li> </ol>   <h2>Implications of Demand and Supply for Agricultural Production</h2> The implications of demand and supply for agricultural production include the following: <ol> <li>When the demand for a farm produce exceeds supply, price tends to rise.</li> <li>When the demand for a farm produce is lower than the supply, the price falls.</li> <li>Increase in the income of the consumer will make them demand for more farm produce vice versa.</li> <li>Increase in the price of produce may lead to low demand for it and shift to the close substitute that has a lower price.</li> <li>High cost of production may lead to low output, low supply and high prices of produce and vice versa.</li> <li>Supply of farm produce will be low when environmental factors for production are unfavorable and vice versa.</li> <li>High cost of farm inputs may lead to low supply and high cost of farm produce and vice versa.</li> <li>If the taste of consumers is in favor of a product, the demand and price of such produce will increase and vice versa.</li> <li>Increase in the number of producers will lead to increase in supply and reduction of price and vice versa.</li> </ol>   <h2>Price Support and its Effects on Agriculture</h2> Price support is the government imposed price floors on selected farm produce. It is also known as ‘minimum prices’ established by the government above equilibrium price. The government supports in the following ways:

Agricultural Extension

<h1>AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION</h1> CONTENT <ol> <li>Definition of Agricultural Extension</li> <li>Agricultural Extension as a Teaching and Learning Process<strong> </strong></li> <li>Difference between Agricultural Extension and Formal Education</li> <li>Objectives or Roles or Functions of Agricultural Extension</li> <li>Principles of Extension</li> <li>Agricultural Extension Programmes</li> <li>Agricultural Extension Methods</li> <li>Adoption of Innovation</li> <li>Qualties, Functions/Roles and Problems of Agricultural Extension Officer or Agent or Worker</li> </ol>   <h2>Definition of Agricultural Extension</h2> Agricultural extension can be defined as a process of disseminating information about new farming techniques from research stations to rural farmers through extension agents. <img class="size-full wp-image-56836 aligncenter" src="https://classhall.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/agricultural-extension.jpg" alt="Definition of Agricultural Extension" width="490" height="31" />   <h2>Agricultural Extension as a Teaching and Learning Process<strong> </strong></h2> Agricultural extension is an informal, out-of-school, voluntary agricultural education process involving the dissemination of useful agricultural skills and developed technologies to be adopted by rural people for an improved agriculture and better life. Agricultural extension is also the process, system or service which assists farmers or rural people through education procedures in improving farming methods and techniques. It is aimed at educating rural people and farmers on how to adopt modern methods of farming. It is to teach people how to use their skills, knowledge and information to improve their living standard. In extension, farmers learn reasons for change, value for a change, process of change and the results achievable through change.   <h2>Difference between Agricultural Extension and Formal Education</h2> Agricultural extension differs from formal education in the following ways; <ol> <li>Agricultural extension is voluntary but not compulsory</li> <li>It is problem-centred and not student or learner centred</li> <li>It has the field as its classroom</li> <li>It involves practical demonstrations</li> <li>It involves trained workers in agriculture and home economics.</li> </ol>   <h2>Objectives or Roles or Functions of Agricultural Extension</h2> The following are the objectives or functions of agricultural extension:

Definition and Importance of Agriculture

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<h1><strong>DEFINITION AND IMPORTANCE OF AGRICULTURE</strong></h1> CONTENT <ol> <li>Definition of Agriculture</li> <li>Importance of Agriculture to the Individual</li> <li>Importance of Agriculture to the Society</li> <li>Importance of Agriculture to the Nation</li> <li>Types of Agriculture based on Levels of Production: Subsistence & Commercial Agriculture</li> </ol> <br> <h2><strong>Definition of Agriculture</strong></h2> Agriculture can be defined as the art and science which deals with the growing of crops and rearing of animals for man’s use. <h2><strong>Importance of Agriculture </strong></h2> Agriculture plays an important role in the development of all nations. It used to be the mainstay of Nigeria’s economy and that of other developing countries. The importance of agriculture can be grouped into three categories: <h2><strong>Importance of Agriculture to the Individual</strong></h2> <ol> <li><strong>Provision of food:</strong> This is the <strong>most</strong> important contribution of agriculture to man because food is required for our survival. People need food in order to live. Farm animals also need food. The food could be meat, eggs, and milk from farm animals and products from many different crops such as yam, rice, maize etc.</li> <li><strong>Provision of shelter materials:</strong> This help to protect man from adverse weather conditions and predators. Agriculture is a source of materials used in building houses. Materials such as timbers and leaves are used in building houses.</li> <li><strong>Provision of materials for clothing</strong>: Agriculture provides fibre, silk and cotton from plants for textile production, hides and skins as well as wool from sheep for clothing, shoes, belts and bags.</li>

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